Relationships of PPAR gamma and PPAR gamma 2 mRNA levels to obesity, diabetes and hyperinsulinaemia in rhesus monkeys
1998
Hotta, K. | Gustafson, T.A. | Yoshioka, S. | Ortmeyer, H.K. | Bodkin, N.L. | Hansen, B.C.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) together with CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBP alpha), lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and glucose transporter (GLUT4) mRNA in adipose tissue of rhesus monkeys in relation to obesity. DESIGN: Cloning of the PPAR gamma 1 and gamma 2 cDNAs and analysis of PPAR gamma, C/EBP alpha, LPL and GLUT4 mRNA levels in the adipose tissue of lean and obese monkeys. SUBJECTS: 28 rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) with a wide range of body weights (9.2-22.6 kg) and with or without type 2 diabetes. MEASUREMENTS: Sequence of PPAR gamma 1 and gamma 2. Tissue distribution of PPAR gamma 1 and gamma 2. The mRNA levels of PPAR gamma, C/EBP alpha, LPL and GLUT4 in adipose tissue. The ratio of PPAR gamma 2 mRNA to total PPAR gamma mRNA. RESULTS: The monkey PPAR gamma 2 protein showed 99% identity with the human protein. PPAR gamma 1 mRNA was shown to be expressed in various tissues and most abundantly in adipose tissue. PPAR gamma 2 existed mainly in adipose tissue. A significant correlation between the ratio of PPAR gamma 2 mRNA to total PPAR gamma mRNA and obesity was observed, whereas total PPAR gamma mRNA levels showed no significant relationships to obesity. There was also a significant relationship between the ratio of PPAR gamma 2 mRNA to total PPAR gamma mRNA and fasting plasma insulin concentration. The mRNA levels of C/EBP alpha, LPL and GLUT4 were highly correlated to that of total PPAR gamma mRNA. They were also significantly correlated to the mRNA levels of PPAR gamma 1 and PPAR gamma 2. CONCLUSIONS: The ratio of PPAR gamma 2 mRNA to total PPAR gamma mRNA is related to obesity in the rhesus monkey and mRNA expression of PPAR gamma 1, PPAR gamma 2, C/EBP alpha, LPL and GLUT4 appear to be coordinated in vivo.
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