Crystallization of Femtoliter Surface Droplet Arrays Revealed by Synchrotron Small-Angle X-ray Scattering
2018
Dyett, Brendan | Zychowski, Lisa | Bao, Lei | Meikle, Thomas G. | Peng, Shuhua | Yu, Haitao | Li, Miaosi | Strachan, Jamie | Kirby, Nigel | Logan, Amy | Conn, Charlotte E. | Zhang, Xuehua
The crystallization of oil droplets is critical in the processing and storage of lipid-based food and pharmaceutical products. Arrays of femtoliter droplets on a surface offer a unique opportunity to study surfactant-free colloidlike systems. In this work, the crystal growth process in these confined droplets was followed by cooling a model lipid (trimyristin) from a liquid state utilizing synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The measurements by SAXS demonstrated a reduced crystallization rate and a greater degree of supercooling required to trigger lipid crystallization in droplets compared to those of bulk lipids. These results suggest that surface droplets crystallize in a stochastic manner. Interestingly, the crystallization rate is slower for larger femtoliter droplets, which may be explained by the onset of crystallization from the three-phase contact line. The larger surface nanodroplets exhibit a smaller ratio of droplet volume to the length of three-phase contact line and hence a slower crystallization rate.
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