Electrochemically Assisted Soil Washing for the Remediation of Non-polar and Volatile Pollutants
2021
Muñoz-Morales, M. | Sáez, C. | Cañizares, P. | Rodrigo, M. A.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review is focused on the removal of chlorinated hydrocarbons (as representative of persistent pollutants) from soil by soil-washing techniques, paying special attention to the application of electrochemically assisted technologies for the treatment of the liquids and gases produced during this treatment. It considers the degree of maturity of the technologies and suggests challenges for future research. RECENT FINDINGS: Electrochemical technologies can help to improve the overall efficiency of soil washing processes in the removal of chlorinated hydrocarbons, contributing to the depletion of these hazardous species from the soil washing liquid and gaseous effluents generated during the treatment of the soil. Chlorinated hydrocarbons are a good example of persistent organic pollutants which can be found in very high concentrations in polluted soil, especially in industrial sites. Because of its fast action, soil washing can be efficient for preventing the spread of chlorinated hydrocarbons after accidental spills. Recent progress about fundamentals of this process and key parameters involved is discussed at the light of competing technologies, paying special attention to the liquid and gaseous wastes produced during this treatment, in the search of holistic approaches. Among the different alternatives proposed, electrochemical technologies are the focus of attention of many researchers and, because of that, recent progress in electrochemical technologies capable to deplete the pollutants is also discussed, within a comparison context with other competing technologies, indicating the technology readiness level of each electrochemical process and the challenges that must be overcome in order to reach full-scale applicability.
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