Retrospective Study of the Upsurge of Enterovirus D68 Clade D1 among Adults (2014–2018)
2021
Duval, Maxime | Mirand, Audrey | Lesens, Olivier | Bay, Jacques-Olivier | Caillaud, Denis | Gallot, Denis | Lautrette, Alexandre | Montcouquiol, Sylvie | Schmidt, Jeannot | Egron, Carole | Jugie, Gwendoline | Bisseux, Maxime | Archimbaud, Christine | Lambert, Céline | Henquell, Cécile | Bailly, J.-L. (Jean-Luc)
Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) has emerged as an agent of epidemic respiratory illness and acute flaccid myelitis in the paediatric population but data are lacking in adult patients. We performed a 4.5-year single-centre retrospective study of all patients who tested positive for EV-D68 and analysed full-length EV-D68 genomes of the predominant clades B3 and D1. Between 1 June 2014, and 31 December 2018, 73 of the 11,365 patients investigated for respiratory pathogens tested positive for EV-D68, of whom 20 (27%) were adults (median age 53.7 years [IQR 34.0–65.7]) and 53 (73%) were children (median age 1.9 years [IQR 0.2–4.0]). The proportion of adults increased from 12% in 2014 to 48% in 2018 (p = 0.01). All adults had an underlying comorbidity factor, including chronic lung disease in 12 (60%), diabetes mellitus in six (30%), and chronic heart disease in five (25%). Clade D1 infected a higher proportion of adults than clades B3 and B2 (p = 0.001). Clade D1 was more divergent than clade B3: 5 of 19 amino acid changes in the capsid proteins were located in putative antigenic sites. Adult patients with underlying conditions are more likely to present with severe complications associated with EV-D68, notably the emergent clade D1.
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