Comparison of biochar- and activated carbon-supported zerovalent iron for the removal of Se(IV) and Se(VI): influence of pH, ionic strength, and natural organic matter

Tan, Guangcai; Mao, Yi; Wang, Hongyuan; Junaid, Muhammad; Xu, Nan

Comparison of biochar- and activated carbon-supported zerovalent iron for the removal of Se(IV) and Se(VI): influence of pH, ionic strength, and natural organic matter

2019

Tan, Guangcai | Mao, Yi | Wang, Hongyuan | Junaid, Muhammad | Xu, Nan

Biochar (BC) and activated carbon (AC) were both produced from corn straw. Biochar-supported zerovalent iron (BC-ZVI) and activated carbon-supported zerovalent iron (AC-ZVI) were synthesized and applied for Se(IV)/Se(VI) removal. The sorption capacity of BC-ZVI for Se(IV) and Se(VI) was reported at 62.52 and 35.39 mg g⁻¹, higher than that of AC-ZVI (56.02 and 33.24 mg g⁻¹), respectively, due to its higher iron content and more positive charges. The spectroscopic analyses showed that Se(IV)/Se(VI) were reduced to Se(0)/Se(-II) of less toxicity and solubility. The effects of various factors such as pH, ionic strength, co-existing cations and anions, and natural organic matter (NOM) were also investigated. Ionic strength showed no significant effect on Se(IV)/Se(VI) removal, but pH was critical. The presence of NO₃⁻ and SO₄²⁻ did not cause obvious inhibition to the removal, while PO₄³⁻ inhibited the sorption capacity of BC-ZVI and AC-ZVI for Se(IV)/Se(VI) significantly. Common cations (K⁺, Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺) were found to slightly enhance the removal, while NOM significantly decreased the sorption capacity of BC-ZVI and AC-ZVI for Se(IV)/Se(VI). Besides, NOM showed stronger inhibition effect on AC-ZVI than that on BC-ZVI. These results indicated that BC-ZVI, compared with AC-ZVI, could be a promising sorbent to remove Se(IV)/Se(VI) due to its low cost and high efficiency.

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