Influence of Ti4+ on the Electrochemical Performance of Li-Rich Layered Oxides - High Power and Long Cycle Life of Li2Ru1–xTixO3 Cathodes
2015
Kalathil, Abdul Kareem | Arunkumar, Paulraj | Kim, Da Hye | Lee, Jong-Won | Im, Wŏn-bin
Li-rich layered oxides are the most attractive cathodes for lithium-ion batteries due to their high capacity (>250 mAh g–¹). However, their application in electric vehicles is hampered by low power density and poor cycle life. To address these, layered Li₂Ru₀.₇₅Ti₀.₂₅O₃ (LRTO) was synthesized and the influence of electroinactive Ti⁴⁺ on the electrochemical performance of Li₂RuO₃ was investigated. LRTO exhibited a reversible capacity of 240 mAh g–¹ under 14.3 mA g–¹ with 0.11 mol of Li loss after 100 cycles compared to 0.22 mol of Li for Li₂Ru₀.₇₅Sn₀.₂₅O₃. More Li⁺ can be extracted from LRTO (0.96 mol of Li) even after 250 cycles at 143 mA g–¹ than Li₂RuO₃ (0.79 mol of Li). High reversible Li extraction and long cycle life were attributed to structural stability of the LiM₂ layer in the presence of Ti⁴⁺, facilitating the lithium diffusion kinetics. The versatility of the Li₂MO₃ structure may initiate exploration of Ti-based Li-rich layered oxides for vehicular applications.
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