Assessing Uptake Indices and Clean Up Time of Lead in Contaminated Soil Using White Horseradish (Raphanus sativus cv. Longipinnatus)
2022
Asadi Kapourchal, Safoora
Soil contamination with heavy metals in addition to reducing the production and quality of agricultural crops enters the human body through the food chain. The objective of this study was to investigate the adsorption capability and clean up time required for phytoremediation of Pb-contaminated soils by white horseradish. For this purpose, a randomized block experimental design with five treatments of 10 (control), 150, 300, 600 and 900 mg Pb/kg soil and three replicates was established in the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan. Plants were harvested when fully developed. The lead concentrations in the soil, roots and shoots were measured afterwards. TF and BCF indices, clean up time and uptake rate of Pb for 5%, 10%, and 15% of contamination were then calculated. The results indicated that by increasing the lead concentration, plant dry matter decreased significantly. Also, lead accumulation occurred mostly in roots rather than in shoots. The maximum lead concentration in the root and shoot in the 900 mg/kg treatment were 191.9 and 28.56 mg/kg, respectively. The variation range of TF and BCF indices were 0.15 to 0.55 and 0.22 to 2.86, respectively. Results further revealed that it takes 8 years to remediate 15% of Pb when soil Pb contamination is 300 mg/kg treatment. Generally, with increasing lead concentration, the time needed for phytoextraction is also increased. However, since the complete removal of heavy metals does not need to clean up them from the soil, phytoremediation is a suitable method for remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils. Due to high biomass and capability of lead accumulation of white horseradish, this plant might be used to remediate lead from moderate Pb-contaminated soils.
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