Physicochemical, Heavy Metals and Microbiological Analysis of River and Borehole Water in Ozubulu, Anambra State, South-Eastern Nigeria: Physicochemical, Heavy Metals and Microbiological Analysis of River and Borehole Water in Ozubulu, Anambra State, South-Eastern Nigeria
2024
Onyema, Agu Matthew | Precious, Ijezie Mmesoma | Yakubu, Shedrach | Inya, Agha Inya | Sylvester, Onyima Chibuike
The study aimed to determine heavy metal contamination, and physicochemical and microbial properties of selected river and borehole water in Ozubulu using standard procedures. Results were compared with WHO and NAFDAC drinking water guidelines. Eight samples were collected for analysis using standard analytical methods.The study found that river water samples for R1, R2, R3, and R4 met the World Health Organization's drinking water permissible range in terms of pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, total alkalinity, total acidity, total solids, total hardness, and turbidity. The study found that borehole water had pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, total alkalinity, hardness, turbidity, and total acidity values within a range of 5.20 to 6.60. The heavy metals and trace elements in the river water samples were undetected. The borehole water samples contained various minerals, heavy and trace metals, and total plate, staphylococcus, and coliform counts. The total plate count, total staphylococcus count, and total coliform count were within the range of 3.00 x104-3.00 x106cfu/ml, 1.27 x102-7.73 x102cfu/ml, and 0.39 x102-12.00x102 MPN/ml. This study found no yeast in water samples, and borehole water samples were free from microbial contamination. Results suggest water sources are partially fit for domestic, industrial, and agricultural use.
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