Bioecological characteristics of Artemisia Maritima L. species in the climate-soil conditions of the Absheron Peninsula

The soil cover of the Absheron Peninsula, especially the Caspian Sea coast, is very diverse and has been exposed to different types of salinization. The salinization here is divided into chlorinated - sulfated, sulfated - chlorided, chlorinated - sulfated - carbonated types. Most soil areas of the peninsula are sandy, rarely weak clay-sandy soils. The pH indicator of such salinized soil types varies from 6.0 to 7.5, the humus layer of the soil is almost absent. The natural vegetation of such lands is sparse, and short-lived ephemerals and ephemeroids spread in the first period of the spring season. In this area, Artemisia maritima L. is more common than herbs and subshrubs adapted to salinity. In the presented article, information about the type of sea wormwood - (Artemisia maritima L.) in the Absheron peninsula (Mardakan, Bina, Surakhani, Hovsan) and the study of its application areas were reflected. The change of the ecological factors of the mentioned areas depending on the relief of the areas, the distribution of the species at different heights above the sea level, and the bioecological characteristics of the climate and soil conditions of this area have been studied. The research (in 2021-2022) was conducted on a large scale in different areas of the Absheron Peninsula (Mardakan, Bina, Surakhani, Hovsan) in desert conditions, coastal routes and expedition conditions. The biological reserve of the species was calculated for each route of 10 m2. In Absheron conditions, the season develops normally. Material (leaf) was collected from the studied species at different stages of vegetation from Absheron peninsula, essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation method, biochemical composition was analyzed by means of "Crystal 2000 M" gas chromatography device. It became clear that the yield of essential oil is higher in Hovsan settlement compared to other areas, depends on environmental factors and vegetation period. Essential oil obtained from biquis collected during daytime hours is more economically efficient. The A. maritima L. plant develops normally in the Absheron peninsula. It is recommended to effectively use this natural resource as an essential oil medicine and a plant important for animal feed.