Staphylococcus aureus grown in anaerobic conditions exhibit elevated glutamine biosynthesis and biofilm units

The enormous spread of Staphylococcus aureus infections through biofilms is a major concern in hospital-acquired infections. Biofilm formation by S. aureus on any surface is facilitated by adjusting its redox status. This organism is a facultative anaerobe shifts more towards reductive conditions by enhancing nitrogen metabolism where Glutamine synthesis plays a key role. Glutamine is synthesized by Glutamine synthetase (GS) encoded by the glnA gene was PCR amplified from the chromosomal DNA of Staphylococcus aureus, sequenced (HQ329146.1) and cloned; the pure recombinant GS exhibited KM11.060.05mM for Glutamate and 2.40.03mM for ATP. The glnA gene sequence showed high degree variability with the human counterpart while it was highly conserved in bacteria. Structural analysis revealed the GS structure of S. aureus showed close homology with other Gram-positive bacteria and exhibited a high degree of variation with E .coli GS. In the present study, we have observed the increased presence of glutamine synthetase activity in multidrug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus with elevated biofilm units grown in brain heart infusion broth among them methicillin-resistant strains of S. aureus LMV3-5 showed higher biofilm units. All these results explain the important role of glutamine biosynthesis with elevated biofilm units in the pathogenesis of S. aureus.

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