Balance hídrico como medio de gestión del uso del agua para mejorar la productividad en el cultivo de banano (Musa Paradisiaca) en el Ecuador.

Water balances are performed using real or simulated precipitation data and climate information to calculate the water needs of a specific area; There are different types of water balance: climatic, agroclimatic, hydrological, agroforestry, basin, drainage and irrigation. This research was developed as a non-experimental component of a bibliographic nature, through a technique of analysis, synthesis and summary of the information obtained. From what was previously detailed, it was determined that the water balance allows the integration of climatic variables to determine irrigation needs during a period of time in order to plan, design or operate the availability of water in a given area. The water balance is one of the most important aspects, since it directly affects the growth and development of the banana crop. The factors that affect the water balance of banana cultivation are diverse and vary depending on the region and time of year; Two of the main factors are: precipitation and temperature. To determine the water balance, it is necessary to know the water contribution (irrigation (R), measured in volume) and the water yield of the crop (estimated evapotranspiration (ETc), water loss) due to evaporation of any evapotranspiration surface plus transpiration. of the banana crop and through drainage (D), the amount of water that seeps into the soil by gravity. The amount of water required for the ideal growth and good development of the organs in banana cultivation is 2000 mm wide sheets, taking into account the average temperature of 27 degrees, the average amount of daily irrigation is 5.5 mm.

Water balances are performed using real or simulated precipitation data and climate information to calculate the water needs of a specific area; There are different types of water balance: climatic, agroclimatic, hydrological, agroforestry, basin, drainage and irrigation. This research was developed as a non-experimental component of a bibliographic nature, through a technique of analysis, synthesis and summary of the information obtained. From what was previously detailed, it was determined that the water balance allows the integration of climatic variables to determine irrigation needs during a period of time in order to plan, design or operate the availability of water in a given area. The water balance is one of the most important aspects, since it directly affects the growth and development of the banana crop. The factors that affect the water balance of banana cultivation are diverse and vary depending on the region and time of year; Two of the main factors are: precipitation and temperature. To determine the water balance, it is necessary to know the water contribution (irrigation (R), measured in volume) and the water yield of the crop (estimated evapotranspiration (ETc), water loss) due to evaporation of any evapotranspiration surface plus transpiration. of the banana crop and through drainage (D), the amount of water that seeps into the soil by gravity. The amount of water required for the ideal growth and good development of the organs in banana cultivation is 2000 mm wide sheets, taking into account the average temperature of 27 degrees, the average amount of daily irrigation is 5.5 mm.

Los balances hídricos se realizan utilizando datos de precipitaciones reales o simulados e información climática para calcular las necesidades de agua de un área específica; existen diferentes tipos de balance hídrico: climático, agroclimático, hidrológico, agroforestal, de cuenca, de drenaje y de riego. La presente investigación se desarrolló como componente no experimental de carácter bibliográfico, mediante una técnica de análisis, síntesis y resumen de la información obtenida. Por lo anteriormente detallado se determinó que el balance hídrico permite la integración de variables climáticas para determinar las necesidades de riego durante un período de tiempo con el fin de planificar, diseñar u operar la disponibilidad de agua en un área determinada. El balance hídrico es uno de los aspectos más importantes, ya que afecta directamente al crecimiento y desarrollo del cultivo de banano. Los factores que afectan el equilibrio hídrico del cultivo de banano son diversos y varían según la región y la época del año; dos de los principales factores son: la precipitación y la temperatura. Para determinar el balance hídrico es necesario conocer el aporte de agua (de riego (R), medido en volumen) y el rendimiento hídrico del cultivo (evapotranspiración estimada (ETc), pérdida de agua) por evaporación de cualquier superficie de evapotranspiración más la transpiración del cultivo de banano y a través del drenaje (D), la cantidad de agua que se filtra en el suelo por gravedad. La cantidad de agua requerida para el ideal crecimiento y buen desarrollo de los órganos en el cultivo del banano, son láminas de 2000 mm de ancho, teniendo en cuenta la temperatura promedio de 27 grados, la cantidad promedio de riego diario es de 5.5 mm.