Descripción del uso de cámaras multiespectrales en el diagnóstico de cultivos

Highly technical agriculture uses a wide variety of techniques and external inputs to obtain optimal crop yields. It is interesting to have a tool that helps to visualize the different problems of the plants. At the beginning, to solve certain problems in plantations, the capture of images was carried out every 8 days, because the satellite took that long to return to the same point. Later, drones emerged, which are equipment propelled by several propellers and that can mount various types of cameras. The use of drones with the aim of diagnosing crop states is done by capturing aerial images. Multispectral imaging systems and techniques are located in drones and are small in size. From the multispectral images captured by this type of sensor, it is possible to determine different vegetation indices that indicate the physiology of plants. Multispectral cameras are characterized by capturing information between 3 and 7 bands. The information described in the investigation was carried out through the technique of analysis, synthesis and summary, in order for the reader to know about the importance of multispectral cameras. Due to the aforementioned, it was found that multispectral systems allow the capture of various light spectra and provide phenotyping, crop health mapping, irrigation management, fertilizer management, disease identification, species differentiation, among others. The main index used in crop monitoring is the NDVI index, since the use of different types of indices in the use of drones will allow us to increase crop production.

Highly technical agriculture uses a wide variety of techniques and external inputs to obtain optimal crop yields. It is interesting to have a tool that helps to visualize the different problems of the plants. At the beginning, to solve certain problems in plantations, the capture of images was carried out every 8 days, because the satellite took that long to return to the same point. Later, drones emerged, which are equipment propelled by several propellers and that can mount various types of cameras. The use of drones with the aim of diagnosing crop states is done by capturing aerial images. Multispectral imaging systems and techniques are located in drones and are small in size. From the multispectral images captured by this type of sensor, it is possible to determine different vegetation indices that indicate the physiology of plants. Multispectral cameras are characterized by capturing information between 3 and 7 bands. The information described in the investigation was carried out through the technique of analysis, synthesis and summary, in order for the reader to know about the importance of multispectral cameras. Due to the aforementioned, it was found that multispectral systems allow the capture of various light spectra and provide phenotyping, crop health mapping, irrigation management, fertilizer management, disease identification, species differentiation, among others. The main index used in crop monitoring is the NDVI index, since the use of different types of indices in the use of drones will allow us to increase crop production.

La agricultura altamente tecnificada utiliza una gran variedad de técnicas y aportaciones externas para obtener el rendimiento óptimo de los cultivos. Es interesante disponer de una herramienta que ayude a visualizar los diferentes problemas de las plantas. Al inicio para resolver ciertos problemas en plantaciones la captura de imágenes se realizaba cada 8 días, debido a que el satélite demoraba ese tiempo para regresar al mismo punto. Posteriormente, surgieron los drones, que son equipos propulsados por varias hélices y que pueden montar diversos tipos de cámaras. La utilización de drones con el objetivo de diagnosticar estados de cultivos, se realiza mediante la captura de imágenes aéreas. Los sistemas y técnicas de imágenes multiespectrales se ubican en los drones y son de pequeñas dimensiones. A partir de las imágenes multiespectrales que captan este tipo de sensores es posible determinar diferentes índices de vegetación que nos indican la fisiología de las plantas. Las cámaras multiespectrales se caracterizan por captar información entre 3 y 7 bandas. La información descrita en la investigación fue realizada a través de la técnica de análisis, síntesis y resumen, con la finalidad de que el lector conozca sobre la importancia de las cámaras multiespectrales. Por lo antes mencionado se encontró que los sistemas multiespectrales permiten capturar varios espectros de luz y proporcionan fenotipado, mapeo de salud de cultivos, gestión de riego, manejo de fertilizantes, identificación de enfermedades, diferenciación de especies, entre otras. El principal índice que se emplea en el monitoreo de cultivos es el índice de NDVI, ya que la utilización de diferentes tipos de índices en el uso de drones nos permitirá incrementar la producción de las cosechas.