Wpływ sposobu uprawy roli i intensywności pielęgnowania roślin na plonowanie pszenicy ozimej

The aim of the study was to determine the influence of tillage reduction combined with canopy care methods on winter wheat grain yield. A two-factor experiment was carried out on lessive loess soil at Czesławice Experimental Station in the years 1994-1997. The experimental factors were four methods of soil tillage (I, II, III, IV) and four methods of winter wheat canopy care (A, B, D, E). Winter rape was winter wheat forecrop. The results revealed that winter wheat yielding was much more differentiated by the methods of canopy care than soil tillage treatments. The grain yield of the crop increased slightly (3.7% in comparison to nontreated object) when winter wheat canopy was cared by spring harrowing only (B). Greater care intensity by using herbicides (Arelon 75 WP, Aminopielik D) - object C, and furthermore by using fungicides (Tilt 250 EC, Bayleton 25 WP) - object D caused grain yield increase by 37.2% and 39.5%, respectively. That increase was a consequence of greater ear density per m2, number and weight of grain per ear, and 1000 grain weight. As to tillage treatments, grain yield decrease, by about 8.0%, occurred in treatment IV, in which both stubble and pre-sowing ploughing were excluded (disking substituted stubble ploughing and cultivator was used instead of pre-sowing ploughing). That was due to the decrease of ear density per m2 resulting from the increase of weed infestation of a winter wheat canopy. Other tillage treatments - II and III lowered the winter wheat grain yield substantially in comparison to traditional tillage (stubble plough + two times harrow + pre-sowing plough + harrow) - object I. Treatment II stubble tillage was substituted by cultivator and pre-sowing plough 10-12 cm; in treatment III stubble tillage was avoided and pre-sowing plough was performed typically.