<i>Lippia origanoides</i> and <i>Thymus vulgaris</i> Essential Oils Synergize with Ampicillin against Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i>
2024
Levi Jafet Bastida-Ramírez | Leticia Buendía-González | Euridice Ladisu Mejía-Argueta | Antonio Sandoval-Cabrera | María Magdalena García-Fabila | Sergio Humberto Pavón-Romero | Monica Padua-Ahumada | Jonnathan Guadalupe Santillán-Benítez
(1) Background: Could compounds such as monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes present in essential plant oils inhibit bacterial growth as an alternative to help mitigate bacterial resistance? The purpose of this study is evaluating the in vitro antibacterial effect of <i>Lippia organoides</i> EO (LEO) and <i>Thymus vulgaris</i> EO (TEO), individually and in combination with ampicillin, against extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> strains; (2) Methods: Experimental in vitro design with post-test. The EOs were obtained by hydrodistillation and were analyzed by GC. ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> strains used were selected from urine cultures and the <i>bla<sub>CTX-M</sub></i> and <i>bla<sub>TEM</sub></i> resistance genes were identified by end point PCR. The disk diffusion method was used for the susceptibility tests. The MICs and MBCs were determined by microdilution test. Finally, the interaction effect was observed by checkerboard assay; (3) Results: A 39.9% decrease in the growth of the strain thymol in TEO and 70.4% in carvacrol in LEO was shown, observing inhibition halos of 32 mm for both EOs. MICs of 632 and 892 μg/mL for LEO and 738 and 940 μg/mL for TEO were determined. Finally, it was observed that, at low doses, there is a synergistic effect between TEO + LEO and EOs + ampicillin; (4) Conclusions: The findings demonstrate that TEO and LEO have an inhibitory effect on ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i>, suggesting that they are candidates for further studies in the formulation of antibiotics to reduce bacterial resistance to traditional antibiotics.
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