Mucilage produced by aerial roots hosts diazotrophs that provide nitrogen in Sorghum bicolor.

VENADO, R. E.; WILKER, J.; PANKIEVICZ, V. C. S.; INFANTE, V.; MACINTYRE, A.; WOLF, E. S. A.; VELA, S.; ROBBINS, F.; FERNANDES JUNIOR, P. I.; VERMERRIS, W.; ANÉ, J.-M.; RAFAEL E. VENADO, UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN; JENNIFER WILKER, UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN; VÂNIA C. S. PANKIEVICZ, UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN; VALENTINA INFANTE, UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN; APRIL MACINTYRE, UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN; EMILY S. A. WOLF, UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA; SADDIE VELA, UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA; FLETCHER ROBBINS, UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN; PAULO IVAN FERNANDES JUNIOR, CPATSA; WILFRED VERMERRIS, UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA; JEAN-MICHEL ANÉ, WISCONSIN-MADISON.

Mucilage produced by aerial roots hosts diazotrophs that provide nitrogen in Sorghum bicolor.

2025

VENADO, R. E. | WILKER, J. | PANKIEVICZ, V. C. S. | INFANTE, V. | MACINTYRE, A. | WOLF, E. S. A. | VELA, S. | ROBBINS, F. | FERNANDES JUNIOR, P. I. | VERMERRIS, W. | ANÉ, J.-M. | RAFAEL E. VENADO, UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN; JENNIFER WILKER, UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN; VÂNIA C. S. PANKIEVICZ, UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN; VALENTINA INFANTE, UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN; APRIL MACINTYRE, UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN; EMILY S. A. WOLF, UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA; SADDIE VELA, UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA; FLETCHER ROBBINS, UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN; PAULO IVAN FERNANDES JUNIOR, CPATSA; WILFRED VERMERRIS, UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA; JEAN-MICHEL ANÉ, WISCONSIN-MADISON.

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is an important food, feed, and fodder crop worldwide and is gaining popularity as an energy crop due to its high potential for biomass production. Some sorghum accessions develop many aerial roots and produce an abundant carbohydrate-rich mucilage after rain. This aerial root mucilage is similar to that observed in landraces of maize (Zea mays) from southern Mexico, which have been previously shown to host diazotrophs. In this study, we characterized the aerial root development of several sorghum accessions and the impact of humidity on this trait. We conducted a microbiome study of the aerial root mucilage of maize and sorghum and isolated numerous diazotrophs from field sorghum mucilage. We observed that the prevailing phyla in the mucilage were Pseudomonadota, Bacteroidota, and Bacillota. However, bacterial abundances varied based on the genotype and the location. Using acetylene reduction, 15N2 gas feeding, and 15N isotope dilution assays, we confirmed that these sorghum accessions can acquire about 40% of their nitrogen from the atmosphere through these associations on aerial roots. Nitrogen fixation in sorghum aerial root mucilage offers a promising avenue to reduce reliance on synthetic fertilizers and promote sustainable agricultural practices for food, feed, fodder, and bioenergy production

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