Population of Soil Nematodes in The Treatment of Brassicaceae Plant Waste | Populasi Nematoda Tanah pada Perlakuan Limbah Tanaman Brassicaceae

Indonesio. Tanaman famili Brassicaceae diketahui mengandung glukosinolat yang dapat terhidrolisis menjadi senyawa yang bersifat biofumigan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji pengaruh biofumigasi limbah tanaman Brassicaceae terhadap dinamika populasi nematoda tanah. Percobaan rumah kaca dilakukan pada empat jenis limbah tanaman Brassicaceae, yaitu limbah daun lobak (Raphanus sativus), brokoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica), kubis (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), dan seluruh bagian gulma kamanilan (Roripa indica) dalam pot berisi 5 L tanah terinfestasi nematoda. Limbah tanaman dicacah berukuran ±1 cm, sebanyak 117 g per pot dicampurkan dalam tanah terinfestasi nematoda, disiram air hingga basah, dan ditutup rapat untuk proses biofumigasi selama 14 hari. Pot dibiarkan terbuka selama 3-5 hari, ditanami bibit mentimun varietas Roberto 92 berumur 7 hari, dan dipelihara di rumah kaca hingga 8 minggu setelah tanam. Pengamatan jenis dan populasi nematoda tanah dilakukan tiga kali, yaitu sebelum perlakuan, setelah perlakuan, dan 8 minggu setelah tanam. Percobaan ini disusun dalam rancangan acak lengkap dengan 6 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan nematoda free-living (nematoda bakteriovora dan nematoda fungivora) pada seluruh perlakuan limbah tanaman Brassicaceae. Sebaliknya, terjadi penurunan populasi fitonematoda secara nyata pada perlakuan limbah daun brokoli. Semua jenis limbah tanaman Brassicaceae dapat menekan populasi fitonematoda Helicotylenchus sp., Rotylenchulus sp., dan Xiphinema sp., secara nyata. Limbah daun brokoli menunjukkan nilai penghambatan tertinggi terhadap seluruh genus fitonematoda dengan penghambatan mencapai 100%.

Inglés. Population of Soil Nematodes in The Treatment of Brassicaceae Plant Waste Brassicaceae plants are known to contain glucosinolates which can be hydrolyzed into biofumigant compounds. This research was conducted to examine the effect of biofumigant derived from Brassicaceae plants waste on soil nematode population dynamics. Greenhouse experiment was carried out on 4 types of Brassicaceae plants waste, consisting of leaf waste of radish (Raphanus sativus), broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica), cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), and whole parts kamanilan weed (Roripa indica) in polybags containing 5 L of nematode infested soil. Plant waste was chopped ± 1 cm in size, then as much as 117 g per polybag was mixed in nematode infested soil, doused with water until wet and tightly closed for the biofumigation process for 14 days. At the end of biofumigation step, the polybags were opened for 3-5 days, then 7 day - old cucumber seedlings of var. Roberto 92 were planted and the plants were maintained in greenhouse for up to 8 weeks. Observation of the type and population of soil nematodes was carried out three times, i.e. before treatment, after treatment, and 8 weeks after planting. This experiment was designed in a completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 5 replications. The results of the study showed that the population of free-living nematodes (bacteriovorous nematodes and fungivorous nematodes) was increased in all treatment of Brassicaceae plants waste. On the other hand, there was a significant decrease in the phytonematodes population in the treatment of broccoli leaf waste. All Brassicaceae wastes was able to suppress population of Helicotylenchus sp., Rotylenchulus sp., and Xiphinema sp., significantly. Leaf waste of broccoli leaves showed the highest inhibition value against all phytonematodes genera with inhibition reached 100%.