Analisis Genetik Populasi F2 Hasil Persilangan Sorgum Lokal Indonesia dengan Varietas Unggul Baru | Genetic Analysis in an F2 Population Derived from Indonesian Local Sorghum with New Superior Variety

Inglés. Genetic analysis and inheritance patterns studies on agronomic and yield characters were required to develop a plant breeding program. This study aimed to obtain information on agronomic and yield performance, gene action, genetic diversity, and heritability in the F2 population derived from crosses of local and high-yielding varieties. The study was conducted in August-November 2021 in Dramaga, Bogor. The F2 sorghum population, female and male parents, and also ten check genotypes were used in this study. The results showed qualitative characters in the F2 population indicated the female parent trait was strongly inherited in F2. A few genes controlled the quantitative characters via additive gene action for days to flowering, plant height, stem diameter, leaf length, panicle length and diameter, also wet and dry panicle weight. Meanwhile, the leaf number and width, also grain weight per panicle were controlled by complementary epistasis. The wet and dry panicle weight had a significant positive correlation (0.9 and 0.95) with grain weight per panicle although there had low h2bs (0%). Panicle length and diameter could be used as indirect selection characters because of their significant positive correlation (0.67 and 0.7) to grain yield and high h2bs (90 and 80%). Keywords: gene action, local variety, productivity, variance

Indonesio. Analisis genetik dan pola pewarisan pada karakter agronomi dan hasil diperlukan dalam merencanakan program pemuliaan dan seleksi yang akan dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi mengenai keragaan agronomi dan hasil, aksi gen, keragaman genetik dan heritabilitas pada populasi F2 hasil persilangan varietas lokal dengan varietas berdaya hasil tinggi. Penelitian dilaksanakan dari bulan Agustus-November 2021 di Dramaga, Bogor. Material genetik yang digunakan adalah populasi F2, tetua betina dan jantan serta sepuluh genotipe pembanding. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan karakter kualitatif pada F2 cenderung lebih mirip tetua betina. Karakter hari berbunga, tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, panjang daun, panjang dan diameter malai, bobot malai basah dan kering dikendalikan oleh sedikit gen dengan aksi gen aditif. Karakter jumlah dan lebar daun serta bobot biji per malai dikendalikan oleh aksi gen epistasis komplementer. Bobot basah dan kering malai berkorelasi positif (0.9 dan 0.95) dengan bobot biji per malai dengan nilai h2bs (0%). Karakter panjang dan diameter malai dapat digunakan untuk seleksi tidak langsung karena kedua karakter berkorelasi positif (0.67 dan 0.7) dengan bobot biji per malai serta memiliki h2bs tinggi (90 dan 80%). Kata kunci: aksi gen, keragaman, produktivitas, varietas lokal