Changes in the essential oil content and terpene composition of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) by using plant biostimulants | Spremembe v vsebnosti eteričnih olj in sestavi terpenov v rožmarinu (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) po uporabi rastlinskih biostimulatorjev

Inglés. Plant biostimulants can stimulate the increase of growth, metabolism and the biosynthesis of metabolites in plants. This study investigated the changes of rosemary essential oil and its components composition under use of biostimulants for the possible reduction in use of chemical fertilizers. Treatments included biostimulants based on amino acids in four formulations, Aminolforte, Kadostim, Humiforte, and Fosnutren (each of them at 0.75 and 1.5 L ha-1), and application of N.P.K fertilizer as a control treatment (by applied complete fertilizer at 100 kg per hectar with proportion of 15:8:15 percentage of N:P:K in the fertilizer). Results showed that the essential oil content and its components were significantly affected by biostimulants application. The maximum content of essential oil was obtained at 1.5 L ha-1 Humiforte and both concentrations of Aminolforte. While, the highest content of α-pinene, 1,8-cineole, and camphor as major components of rosemary essential oil were obtained at 1.5 L ha-1 Fosnutren. In addition, the maximum content of linalool, z-pinocamphone, bornyl acetate, and caryophyllene oxide were observed at 1.5 L ha-1 Fosnutren.Although, the highest content of myrcene and verbenone was obtained in the treatment with N.P.K fertilizer, but the maximum contents of β-pinene, camphene, borneol, and α-terpineol were related to the both concentrations of Aminolforte.We can conclude that biostimulants based on amino acids can be an effective alternative in reducing the use of chemical fertilizer and increasing the quantity and quality of rosemary essential oil.

Esloveno. Rastlinski biostimulatorji lahko pospešijo rast, presnovo in biosintezo metabolitov v rastlinah. V raziskavi smo preučevali spremembe v sestavi eteričnih olj rožmarina po uporabi biostimulatorjev, ki so bili uporabljeni kot možnost zmanjšanja rabe mineralnih gnojil. Obravnavanja so obsegala biostimulatorje na osnovi aminokislin v štirih komercialnih pripravkih: Aminolforte, Kadostim, Humiforte in Fosnutren (vsakega od njih 0.75 in 1.5 L ha-1). Kontrola je bila uporaba N.P.K gnojila (100 kg ha-1, 15:8:15 N:P:K). Rezultati so pokazali, da je uporaba biostimulatorjev značilno vplivala na vsebnost eteričnih olj in njihovo sestavo. Največja vsebnost eteričnih olj je bila dosežena pri uporabi biostimulatorjev Humiforte in Aminolforte v koncentraciji 1.5 L ha-1. Največja vsebnost α-pinena, 1,8-cineola in kamfora, kot glavnih sestavin eteričnega olja rožmarina, je bila dosežena pri uporabi biostimulatorja  Fosnutren, v koncentraciji 1.5 L ha-1. Tudi največja vsebnost linaloola, z-pinokamfona, bornil acetata in kariofilen oksida je bila dobljena pri isti koncentraciji biostimulatorja Fosnutren.Največja vsebnost mircena in verbenona je bila dobljena pri obravnavanju z N.P.K gnojili, toda največja vsebnost β-pinena, kamfena, borneola in α-terpineola je bila dobljena pri uporabi obeh koncentracij biostimulatorja Aminolforte.Zaključimo lahko, da so lahko biostimulatorji na osnovi amino kislin učinkovita alternativa pri zmanjšanju rabe mineralnih gnojil za povečanje količine in kakovosti rožmarinovega eteričnega olja.