Monitoring Fruit Fly Species in Different Altitudes of Sweet Orange Orchards of Sindhuli, Nepal
2025
Chitra Bahadur Bohara | Bhuwan Joshi | Sukriti Satyal | Roshni Basel
This research focused on assessing economically impactful fruit fly species across different altitudes in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) orchards in Sindhuli, Nepal. The study aimed to determine species distribution, population dynamics, and the effectiveness of various lures to guide integrated pest management strategies. A two-factor factorial randomized complete block design was implemented, utilizing 24 Steiner traps baited with Methyl Eugenol (ME) and Cue Lure (CL) at altitudes of 1100-1200 m, 1201-1300 m, and 1301-1400 m from March to June 2023. Weekly data collection and bi-weekly lure replacement ensured precise monitoring. The study identified five fruit fly species: Bactrocera dorsalis, B. zonata, Zeugodacus tau, Z. scutellaris, and Z. cucurbitae. B. dorsalis and B. zonata were the most dominant, with their populations decreasing at higher elevations. ME traps primarily attracted B. dorsalis and B. zonata, while CL traps were more effective for Z. tau, Z. scutellaris, and Z. cucurbitae. The fruit fly population consistently grew from early April, peaking in mid-June, coinciding with fruit ripening and rising temperatures. The results underscore the significant effects of altitude and lure selection on fruit fly populations, highlighting the importance of targeted pest control measures. This research offers valuable insights for enhancing crop protection and meeting international export requirements.
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