References
Abad-García, B., Berrueta, L.A., López-Márquez, D.M., Crespo-Ferrer, I., Gallo, B., Vicente, F., 2007.
Optimization and validation of a methodology based on solvent extraction and liquid
chromatography for the simultaneous determination of several polyphenolic families in fruit
juices. Journal of Chromatography A 1154, 87–96.
Abbott, W.S., 1925. A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. J. econ. Entomol,
18(2), pp.265-267.
Abdulhai, M., El-Bouhssini, M., Jamal, M., Trissi, A.N., Sayyadi, Z., Skinner, M., Parker, B.L., 2010.
Beauveria bassiana characterization and efficacy vs. sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps Puton
(Hemiptera: Scutelleridae). Pakistan journal of biological sciences: PJBS 13, 1052–1056.
الصفحة 157 من 187
Abro, M.A., Sun, X., Li, X., Jatoi, G.H., Guo, L.-D., 2019. Biocontrol potential of fungal endophytes
against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum causing wilt in cucumber. The plant pathology
journal 35, 598.
Afandhi, A., Widjayanti, T., Emi, A.A.L., Tarno, H., Afiyanti, M., Handoko, R.N.S., 2019. Endophytic
fungi Beauveria bassiana Balsamo accelerates growth of common bean (Phaeseolus vulgaris
L.). Chem. Biol. Technol. Agric. 6, 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40538-019-0148-1.
Agbessenou, A., Akutse, K.S., Yusuf, A.A., Ekesi, S., Subramanian, S., Khamis, F.M., 2020.
Endophytic fungi protect tomato and nightshade plants against Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera:
Gelechiidae) through a hidden friendship and cryptic battle. Scientific Reports 10, 22195.
Agrios, G.N., 2005. Plant pathology. 5th Edition. Elsevier Academic Press, Burlington, MA. 922pp.
Ainsworth, E.A., Gillespie, K.M., 2007. Estimation of total phenolic content and other oxidation
substrates in plant tissues using Folin–Ciocalteu reagent. Nature protocols 2, 875–877.
Akello, J., Dubois, T., Coyne, D., Kyamanywa, S., 2008. Endophytic Beauveria bassiana in banana
(Musa spp.) reduces banana weevil (Cosmopolites sordidus) fitness and damage. Crop
protection 27, 1437–1441.
Akello, J., Dubois, T., Gold, C.S., Coyne, D., Nakavuma, J., Paparu, P., 2007. Beauveria bassiana
(Balsamo) Vuillemin as an endophyte in tissue culture banana (Musa spp.). Journal of
invertebrate pathology 96, 34–42.
Akello, J., Sikora, R., 2012. Systemic acropedal influence of endophyte seed treatment on
Acyrthosiphon pisum and Aphis fabae offspring development and reproductive fitness.
Biological control 61, 215–221.
Akter, T., Mimma, A.A., Haque, M.A., Hossain, M.M., Ghosh, T.K., Zinan, N., Chowdhury, M.Z.H.,
Islam, S.M.N., 2023. Seed priming with Beauveria bassiana improves growth and salt stress
response in rice. Environmental and Experimental Botany 213, 105427.
Akutse, K.S., Maniania, N.K., Fiaboe, K.K.M., Van den Berg, J., Ekesi, S., 2013. Endophytic
colonization of Vicia faba and Phaseolus vulgaris (Fabaceae) by fungal pathogens and their
effects on the life-history parameters of Liriomyza huidobrensis (Diptera: Agromyzidae).
Fungal Ecology 6, 293–301.
Akutse, K.S., Van den Berg, J., Maniania, N.K., Ekesi, S., Fiaboe, K.K.M., 2017. Morphological and
molecular characterization of Vicia faba and Phaseolus vulgaris seed-born fungal endophytes.
Al Khoury, C., Bashir, Z., Tokajian, S., Nemer, N., Merhi, G., Nemer, G., 2022. In silico evidence of
beauvericin antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. Computers in Biology and Medicine 141,
105171.
Al Khoury, C., Nemer, G., Humber, R., El-Hachem, N., Guillot, J., Chehab, R., Noujeim, E., El
Khoury, Y., Skaff, W., Estephan, N., 2021. Bioexploration and phylogenetic placement of
entomopathogenic fungi of the genus Beauveria in soils of Lebanon cedar forests. Journal of
Fungi 7, 924.
Al Khoury, C., Thoumi, S., Tokajian, S., Sinno, A., Nemer, G., El Beyrouthy, M., Rahy, K., 2024a.
ABC transporter inhibition by beauvericin partially overcomes drug resistance in Leishmania
tropica. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 68, e01368-23. https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.01368-23.
الصفحة 158 من 187
Al Khoury, C., Tokajian, S., Nemer, N., Nemer, G., Rahy, K., Thoumi, S., Al Samra, L., Sinno, A.,
2024b. Computational Applications: Beauvericin from a Mycotoxin into a Humanized Drug.
Metabolites 14, 232.
Alsaoud, N.H., Nammour, D.H. and Ali, A.Y., 2018. Susceptibility of egg stage of potato tuber moth
Phthorimaea operculella to native isolates of Beauveria bassiana. In Moths-Pests of Potato,
Maize and Sugar Beet. IntechOpen. 53-63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.78391.
Alaei Verki, S.T., Iranipour, S., Karimzadeh, R., 2020. Vegetable leafminer, Liriomyza sativae
(Diptera: Agromyzidae) damage mediated yield loss of cucumber. North-Western Journal of
Zoology 16.
Alali, S., Faoro, F., Azmeh, F., Bocchi, S., Montagna, M., Mereghetti, V., 2019. Thermotolerant
isolates of Beauveria bassiana as potential control agent of insect pest in subtropical climates.
PLoS ONE. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211457.
Al-Keridis, L.A., 2016. Application of Penicillium sp as entomopathogenic fungi to control the red rust
beetle Tribolium castaneum (Hbst.)(Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Biosciences Biotechnology
Research Asia 12, 07–12.
Allegrucci, N., Velazquez, M.S., Russo, M.L., Pérez, M.E., Scorsetti, A.C., 2017. Endophytic
colonisation of tomato by the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana: the use of
different inoculation techniques and their effects on the tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta
(Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Journal of Plant Protection Research, 57(4): 205-211.
Almanoufi, A., Jamal, M., De Lillo, E., Tarasco, E., Yaseen, T., 2012. A survey of the native
entomopathogenic nematodes and fungi in the soil of southern region of Syria. Jordan Journal
of Agricultural Sciences 8, 358–366.
Alvarez-Loayza, P., White Jr, J.F., Torres, M.S., Balslev, H., Kristiansen, T., Svenning, J.-C., Gil, N.,
2011. Light converts endosymbiotic fungus to pathogen, influencing seedling survival and
niche-space filling of a common tropical tree, Iriartea deltoidea. PloS one 6, e16386.
Alves, G.S., Bertini, S.C.B., Barbosa, B.B., Pimentel, J.P., Junior, V.A.R., de Oliveira Mendes, G.,
Azevedo, L.C.B., 2021. Fungal endophytes inoculation improves soil nutrient availability,
arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization and common bean growth. Rhizosphere 18, 100330.
Amin, N., Daha, L., Agus, N., 2014. The study on the role of entomopathogenic fungal endophytes in
controlling the cocoa pod borer (Conopomorpha cramerella (Snellen))(Lepidoptera:
Gracillariidae) on cocoa plant. Journal of Entomology, 11(3): 142-152.
Anjorin, S.T., Jolaoso, M.A., Golu, M.T., 2013. A survey of incidence and severity of pests and
diseases of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) and eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) in
Abuja, Nigeria. American Journal of Research Communication 1, 333–349.
Arnold, A.E., 2007. Understanding the diversity of foliar endophytic fungi: progress, challenges, and
frontiers. Fungal biology reviews 21, 51–66.
Arnold, A.E., Lewis, L.C., 2005. Ecology and evolution of fungal endophytes, and their roles against
insects. Insect-Fungal Associations: Ecology and Evolution. Oxford University Press, New
York 74–96.
Atsatt, P.R., Whiteside, M.D., 2014. Novel symbiotic protoplasts formed by endophytic fungi explain
their hidden existence, lifestyle switching, and diversity within the plant kingdom. PLoS One 9,
e95266.
Augustyniuk-Kram, A., 2011. The parasite-host system as exemplified by the interactions between
entomopathogenic fungus and insect. Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae 9, 51–68.
Ávila-Hernández, J.G., Carrillo-Inungaray, M.L., De, R., la Cruz-Quiroz, J.E., Paz, D.B., Parra, R., del
Campo, R., 2020. Beauveria bassiana secondary metabolites: A review inside their production
systems, biosynthesis, and bioactivities. Mexican Journal of Biotechnology 5, 1–33.
Azadi, N., Shirzad, A., Mohammadi, H., 2016. A study of some biocontrol mechanisms of Beauveria
bassiana against Rhizoctonia disease on tomato. Acta Biologica Szegediensis 60, 119–127.
Bagy, N., Abdel-Rahman, M., Morsy, M., Gaber, A.-E., 2018. Existence of Beauveria bassiana
(Balsamo) Vullemin as endophyte on onion plants and its pathogenicity (in vitro) against onion
thrips, Thrips tabaci Lind.(Thysanoptera: Thirpdae). International Journal of Agriculture
Forestry and Life Sciences 2, 15–24.
Baligar, V.C., Elson, M.K., He, Z., Li, Y., Paiva, A. de Q., Almeida, A.A.F., Ahnert, D., 2020. Light
intensity effects on the growth, physiological and nutritional parameters of tropical perennial
legume cover crops. Agronomy 10, 1515.
Bamisile, B.S., Dash, C.K., Akutse, K.S., Keppanan, R., Afolabi, O.G., Hussain, M., Qasim, M.,
Wang, L., 2018. Prospects of endophytic fungal entomopathogens as biocontrol and plant
growth promoting agents: An insight on how artificial inoculation methods affect endophytic
colonization of host plants. Microbiological Research 217, 34–50.
Bamisile, B.S., Siddiqui, J.A., Akutse, K.S., Ramos Aguila, L.C., Xu, Y., 2021. General limitations to
endophytic entomopathogenic fungi use as plant growth promoters, pests and pathogens
biocontrol agents. Plants 10, 2119.
Barra-Bucarei, L., González, M.G., Iglesias, A.F., Aguayo, G.S., Peñalosa, M.G., Vera, P.V., 2020.
Beauveria bassiana multifunction as an endophyte: Growth promotion and biologic control of
Trialeurodes vaporariorum,(Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in tomato. Insects 11, 591.
Barta, M., 2011. Endophytic Beauveria bassiana: its natural occurence in the Mlyňany Arboretum SAS
and laboratory inoculation of Musa acuminata tissue, in: COST FA1103 Workgroups Meeting
“Endophytes: From Discovery to Application”, Arborètum Mlyňany Slovenskej Akadèmie
Vied, Italy.
Barta, M., 2018. In planta bioassay on the effects of endophytic Beauveria strains against larvae of
horse-chestnut leaf miner (Cameraria ohridella). Biological control 121, 88–98.
Bassi, C., 1836. Vallace, Melodramma Tragico. Composto sulla Musica del Guglielmo Tell del
Maestro Cavaliere Rossini (Giacchino Antonio). Pirola.
Basyouni, S.H.E., Brewer, D., Vining, L.C., 1968. Pigments of the genus Beauveria. Can. J. Bot. 46,
441–448. https://doi.org/10.1139/b68-067.
Begon, M., Harper, J.L., Townsend, C.R., 1990. Ecology: individuals, populations and communities.
Blackwell Scientific Publications Ltd.
Begum, S.R., Tamilselvi, K., 2016. Endophytes are plant helpers: an overview. Int J Curr Microbiol
App Sci 5, 424–436.
Bills, G.F., Polishook, J.D., 1991. Microfungi from Carpinus caroliniana. Can. J. Bot. 69, 1477–1482.
https://doi.org/10.1139/b91-191.
Bing, L.A., Lewis, L.C., 1991. Suppression of Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) by
endophytic Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin. Environmental entomology 20, 1207–
1211.
Bing, L.A., Lewis, L.C., 1992. Endophytic Beauveria bassiana (balsamo) vuillemin in corn: The
influence of the plant growth stage and ostrinia nubilalis (hübner). Biocontrol Science and
Technology 2, 39–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/09583159209355216.
Bing, L.A., Lewis, L.C., 1993. Occurrence of the entomopathogen Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo)
Vuillemin in different tillage regimes and in Zea mays L. and virulence towards Ostrinia
nubilalis (Hübner). Agriculture, ecosystems & environment 45, 147–156.
Blackman, R.L., 2023. Aphids – Aphidinae (Macrosiphini). Royal Entomological Society, GB.
https://doi.org/10.1079/9781800625693.0000.
Blackman, R.L., Eastop, V.F., 2000. Aphids on the world’s crops: an identification and information
guide. John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Boucias, D.G., Pendland, J.C., Latge, J.P., 1988. Nonspecific factors involved in attachment of
entomopathogenic Deuteromycetes to host insect cuticle. Appl Environ Microbiol 54, 1795–
1805. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.54.7.1795-1805.1988.
Brambila, J., 2013. Identification notes for Spodoptera litura and Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera:
Noctuidae) and some native Spodoptera moths. Folleto Técnico. USDA-Animal and Plant
Health Inspection Service-Plant Protection and Quarantine. Washington, DC. Folleto Técnico.
USDA-Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. 1-12p.
Brookes, J.J., 2017. Endophytes in maize (Zea mays) in New Zealand (PhD Thesis). Lincoln
University. 116p.
Brownbridge, M., Reay, S.D., Nelson, T.L., Glare, T.R., 2012. Persistence of Beauveria bassiana
(Ascomycota: Hypocreales) as an endophyte following inoculation of radiata pine seed and
seedlings. Biological control 61, 194–200.
Bruck, D.J., 2009. Fungal entomopathogens in the rhizosphere, in: Roy, H.E., Vega, F.E., Chandler, D.,
Goettel, M.S., Pell, J., Wajnberg, E. (Eds.), The Ecology of Fungal Entomopathogens. Springer
Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp. 103–112. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3966-8_8.
Bruck, D.J., Lewis, L.C., 2002. Rainfall and crop residue effects on soil dispersion and Beauveria
bassiana spread to corn. Applied Soil Ecology 20, 183–190.
Burges, H.D., 1998. Formulation of Mycoinsecticides, in: Burges, H. D. (Ed.), Formulation of
Microbial Biopesticides. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp. 131–185.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4926-6_4.
CABI, 2024. Liriomyza sativae (vegetable leaf miner). CABI Compendium CABI Compendium,
30960. https://doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.30960.
Calo, L., Fornelli, F., Nenna, S., Tursi, A., Caiaffa, M.F., Macchia, L., 2003. Beauvericin cytotoxicity
to the invertebrate cell line SF-9. Journal of Applied Genetics 4, 515–520.
Capinera, J., 2001. Handbook of Vegetable Pests. Elsevier Academic press.
Carbone, I., Kohn, L.M., 1999. A method for designing primer sets for speciation studies in
filamentous ascomycetes. Mycologia 91, 553–556.
Card, S., Johnson, L., Teasdale, S., Caradus, J., 2016. Deciphering endophyte behaviour: the link
between endophyte biology and efficacious biological control agents. FEMS microbiology
ecology 92, fiw114.
Castro-Vásquez, R.M., Hernández-Villalobos, S., Montero-Astúa, M., Vargas-Martínez, A., González-
Herrera, A., Molina-Bravo, R., 2020. Identification and molecular characterisation of fifteen
tropical isolates of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium. Biocontrol science and
technology 30, 490–498.
Chaithra, M., Prameeladevi, T., Bhagyasree, S.N., Prasad, L., Subramanian, S., Kamil, D., 2022.
Multilocus sequence analysis for population diversity of indigenous entomopathogenic fungus
Beauveria bassiana and its bio-efficacy against the cassava mite, Tetranychus truncatus Ehara
(Acari: Tetranychidae). Frontiers in Microbiology 13, 1007017.
Chaman, M.E., Copaja, S.V., Argandoña, V.H., 2003. Relationships between salicylic acid content,
phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity, and resistance of barley to aphid infestation. J.
Agric. Food Chem. 51, 2227–2231. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf020953b.
Chebet, O.N., Omosa, L.K., Subramanian, S., Nchiozem-Ngnitedem, V.-A., Mmari, J.O., Akutse, K.S.,
2021. Mechanism of action of endophytic fungi Hypocrea lixii and Beauveria bassiana in
Phaseolus vulgaris as biopesticides against pea leafminer and fall armyworm. Molecules 26,
5694.
Chen, J., Akutse, K.S., Saqib, H.S.A., Wu, X., Yang, F., Xia, X., Wang, L., Goettel, M.S., You, M.,
Gurr, G.M., 2020. Fungal endophyte communities of crucifer crops are seasonally dynamic and
structured by plant identity, plant tissue and environmental factors. Frontiers in Microbiology
11, 1519.
Chen, J.-L., Sun, S.-Z., Miao, C.-P., Wu, K., Chen, Y.-W., Xu, L.-H., Guan, H.-L., Zhao, L.-X., 2016.
Endophytic Trichoderma gamsii YIM PH30019: a promising biocontrol agent with
hyperosmolar, mycoparasitism, and antagonistic activities of induced volatile organic
compounds on root-rot pathogenic fungi of Panax notoginseng. Journal of Ginseng Research
40, 315–324.
Chen, W.-H., Liu, M., Huang, Z.-X., Yang, G.-M., Han, Y.-F., Liang, J.-D., Liang, Z.-Q., 2018.
Beauveria majiangensis, a new entomopathogenic fungus from Guizhou, China. Phytotaxa 333,
243–250.
Conrath, U., Beckers, G.J.M., Flors, V., García-Agustín, P., Jakab, G., Mauch, F., Newman, M.-A.,
Pieterse, C.M.J., Poinssot, B., Pozo, M.J., Pugin, A., Schaffrath, U., Ton, J., Wendehenne, D.,
Zimmerli, L., Mauch-Mani, B., 2006. Priming: Getting Ready for Battle. MPMI 19, 1062–
1071. https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-19-1062.
Cottrell, T.E., Shapiro-Ilan, D.I., 2003. Susceptibility of a native and an exotic lady beetle (Coleoptera:
Coccinellidae) to Beauveria bassiana. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 84, 137–144.
الصفحة 162 من 187
da Silva Santos, A.C., Diniz, A.G., Tiago, P.V., de Oliveira, N.T., 2020. Entomopathogenic Fusarium
species: a review of their potential for the biological control of insects, implications and
prospects. Fungal biology reviews 34, 41–57.
Dannon, H.F., Dannon, A.E., Douro-Kpindou, O.K., Zinsou, A.V., Houndete, A.T., Toffa-Mehinto, J.,
Elegbede, I.A.T.M., Olou, B.D., Tamò, M., 2020. Toward the efficient use of Beauveria
bassiana in integrated cotton insect pest management. J Cotton Res 3, 24.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s42397-020-00061-5.
Dara, S.K., 2016. Endophytic Beauveria bassiana negatively impacts green peach aphids on
strawberries. UCCE eNewsletter Strawberries and Vegetables 2. 1-4p.
Dara, S.K., Dara, S.R., Dara, S.S., 2013. Endophytic colonization and pest management potential of
Beauveria bassiana in strawberries. Journal of Berry Research 3, 203–211.
Dash, C.K., Bamisile, B.S., Keppanan, R., Qasim, M., Lin, Y., Islam, S.U., Hussain, M., Wang, L.,
2018. Endophytic entomopathogenic fungi enhance the growth of Phaseolus vulgaris L.
(Fabaceae) and negatively affect the development and reproduction of Tetranychus urticae
Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). Microbial Pathogenesis 125, 385–392.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2018.09.044.
de Faria, M.R., Wraight, S.P., 2007. Mycoinsecticides and mycoacaricides: a comprehensive list with
worldwide coverage and international classification of formulation types. Biological control 43,
237–256.
De Muro, M.A., Elliott, S., Moore, D., Parker, B.L., Skinner, M., William, R., El Bouhssini, M., 2005.
Molecular characterisation of Beauveria bassiana isolates obtained from overwintering sites of
Sunn Pests (Eurygaster and Aelia species). Mycological Research 109, 294–306.
Deying, M., Gorman, K., Devine, G., Luo, W., Denholm, I., 2007. The biotype and insecticideresistance
status of whiteflies, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), invading cropping
systems in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, northwestern China. Crop Protection 26, 612–
617.
Donga, T.K., Meadow, R., Meyling, N.V., Klingen, I., 2021. Natural occurrence of Entomopathogenic
fungi as endophytes of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) and in soil of sugarcane fields.
Insects 12, 160.
Donga, T.K., Vega, F.E., Klingen, I., 2018. Establishment of the fungal entomopathogen Beauveria
bassiana as an endophyte in sugarcane, Saccharum officinarum. Fungal Ecology 35, 70–77.
Edgar, R.C., 2004. MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput.
Nucleic acids research 32, 1792–1797.
Edgington, S., Moore, D., Kutuk, H., Satar, H., El-Bouhssini, M., 2007. Progress in the development of
a mycoinsecticide for biological control of Sunn Pest. Sunn Pest Management. A Decade of
Progress 1994-2004 237–243.
El Bouhssini, M., Trissi, A.N., Kadour, Z., 2019. Short Communication (Biological Control: Insects) Is
the use of entomopathogenic fungi a viable option for the control of Red Palm Weevil? Arab
Journal of Plant Protection, 37(2): 200-203.
الصفحة 163 من 187
El-Maraghy, S.S.M., Abdel-Rahman, M.A.A., Hassan, S.H.M., Hussein, K.A., 2023. Pathogenicity and
other characteristics of the endophytic Beauveria bassiana strain (Bals.) (Hypocreales:
Cordycipitaceae). Egypt J Biol Pest Control 33, 79. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41938-023-00690-
3.
EPPO, 2024. Liriomyza sativae (LIRISA)[World distribution]| EPPO Global Database [WWW
Document]. URL https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/LIRISA/distribution (accessed 1.26.24).
Espinoza, F., Vidal, S., Rautenbach, F., Lewu, F., Nchu, F., 2019. Effects of Beauveria bassiana
(Hypocreales) on plant growth and secondary metabolites of extracts of hydroponically
cultivated chive (Allium schoenoprasum L.[Amaryllidaceae]). Heliyon 5, e03038.
Evans, H.C., Holmes, K.A., Thomas, S.E., 2003. Endophytes and mycoparasites associated with an
indigenous forest tree, Theobroma gileri, in Ecuador and a preliminary assessment of their
potential as biocontrol agents of cocoa diseases. Mycol Progress 2, 149–160.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-006-0053-4.
FAO, F., 2011. Available online at: http://faostat. fao. org/site/291/default. aspx. Food and Agriculture
Organization.
FAOSTAT, F., 2015. FAOSTAT http://faostat3. fao. org/home.
Feng, M.G., Poprawski, T.J., Khachatourians, G.G., 1994. Production, formulation and application of
the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana for insect control: current status. Biocontrol
Science and Technology 4, 3–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/09583159409355309.
Ferron, P., 1978. Biological control of insect pests by entomogenous fungi. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 23,
409–442. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.23.010178.002205.
Fingu-Mabola, J.C., Bawin, T., Francis, F., 2021. Direct and indirect effect via endophytism of
entomopathogenic fungi on the fitness of Myzus persicae and its ability to spread PLRV on
tobacco. Insects 12, 89.
Freeman, S., Rodriguez, R.J., 1993. Genetic Conversion of a Fungal Plant Pathogen to a
Nonpathogenic, Endophytic Mutualist. Science 260, 75–78.
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.260.5104.75.
Ganley, R.J., Newcombe, G., 2006. Fungal endophytes in seeds and needles of Pinus monticola.
Mycological research 110, 318–327.
Gathage, J.W., Lagat, Z.O., Fiaboe, K.K.M., Akutse, K.S., Ekesi, S., Maniania, N.K., 2016. Prospects
of fungal endophytes in the control of Liriomyza leafminer flies in common bean Phaseolus
vulgaris under field conditions. BioControl 61, 741–753. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10526-016-
9761-0.
Gazis, R., Rehner, S., Chaverri, P., 2011. Species delimitation in fungal endophyte diversity studies and
its implications in ecological and biogeographic inferences. Molecular Ecology 20, 3001–3013.
Gerlach, W., Nirenberg, H., Eckart, I., Rummland, I., Schwarz, R., 1982. The genus Fusarium: a
pictorial atlas. Kommissionsverlag P. Parey Berlin.
Ghongade, D.S., Sangha, K.S., 2021. Efficacy of biopesticides against the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci
(Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), on parthenocarpic cucumber grown under protected
environment in India. Egypt J Biol Pest Control 31, 19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41938-021-
00365-x.
Goettel, M.S., INGLIS, G.D., WRAIGHT, S.P., 2000. Chapter IV-4 Fungi. Field Manual of
Techniques in Invertebrate Pathology: Application and Evaluation of Pathogens for Control of
Insects and Other Invertebrate Pests, 255p.
Goettel, M.S., Poprawski, T.J., Vandenerg, J.D., Li, Z., Roberts, D.W., 1989. Safety to nontarget
invertebrates of fungal biocontrol agents. Safety of microbial insecticides 209.
Gómez‐Vidal, S., Salinas, J., Tena, M., Lopez‐Llorca, L.V., 2009. Proteomic analysis of date palm
(Phoenix dactylifera L.) responses to endophytic colonization by entomopathogenic fungi.
Electrophoresis 30, 2996–3005. https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.200900192.
Gottwald, T.R., Tedders, W.L., 1984. Colonization, transmission, and longevity of Beauveria bassiana
and Metarhizium anisopliae (Deuteromycotina: Hypomycetes) on pecan weevil larvae
(Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the soil. Environmental Entomology 13, 557–560.
Griffin, M.R., 2007. Beauveria bassiana, a cotton endophyte with biocontrol activity against seedling
disease. PhD diss, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 163p.
Gurulingappa, P., Sword, G.A., Murdoch, G., McGee, P.A., 2010. Colonization of crop plants by
fungal entomopathogens and their effects on two insect pests when in planta. Biological control
55, 34–41.
Habib, W., Masiello, M., El Ghorayeb, R., Gerges, E., Susca, A., Meca, G., Quiles, J.M., Logrieco,
A.F., Moretti, A., 2021. Mycotoxin profile and phylogeny of pathogenic Alternaria species
isolated from symptomatic tomato plants in Lebanon. Toxins 13, 513.
Hajek, A.E., 1997. Ecology of terrestrial fungal entomopathogens, in: Advances in Microbial Ecology.
Springer, pp. 193–249.
Hajek, A.E., St. Leger, R.J., 1994. Interactions between fungal pathogens and insect hosts. Annu. Rev.
Entomol. 39, 293–322. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.39.010194.001453.
Hallsworth, J.E., Magan, N., 1999. Water and temperature relations of growth of the entomogenous
fungi Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Paecilomyces farinosus. Journal of
invertebrate pathology 74, 261–266.
Halo, B.A., Al-Yahyai, R.A., Al-Sadi, A.M., 2021. Biological control of Pythium aphanidermatuminduced
cucumber and radish damping-off by an endophytic fungus, Cladosporium omanense
isolate 31R. Biocontrol Science and Technology 31, 235–251.
https://doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2020.1844148.
Hamayun, M., Khan, S.A., Khan, A.L., Rehman, G., Kim, Y.-H., Iqbal, I., Hussain, J., Sohn, E.-Y.,
Lee, I.-J., 2010. Gibberellin production and plant growth promotion from pure cultures of
Cladosporium sp. MH-6 isolated from cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Mycologia 102, 989–
995. https://doi.org/10.3852/09-261.
Hanada, R.E., Pomella, A.W.V., Costa, H.S., Bezerra, J.L., Loguercio, L.L., Pereira, J.O., 2010.
Endophytic fungal diversity in Theobroma cacao (cacao) and T. grandiflorum (cupuaçu) trees
and their potential for growth promotion and biocontrol of black-pod disease. Fungal Biology
114, 901–910.
Hanson, J.R., 2008. Chemistry of fungi. 1st Edition, Royal Society of Chemistry, 240p.
Hardoim, P.R., Van Overbeek, L.S., Berg, G., Pirttilä, A.M., Compant, S., Campisano, A., Döring, M.,
Sessitsch, A., 2015. The hidden world within plants: ecological and evolutionary considerations
for defining functioning of microbial endophytes. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 79, 293–320.
https://doi.org/10.1128/MMBR.00050-14.
Hassan, F.R., Abdullah, S.K., Assaf, L.H., 2019. Molecular identification and biomass production of an
endophytic Beauveria bassiana isolated from cucumber leaves in Iraq. Journal of Duhok
University 22, 38–47.
Haytowitz, D.B., Ahuja, J.K., Wu, X., Somanchi, M., Nickle, M., Nguyen, Q.A., Roseland, J.M.,
Williams, J.R., Patterson, K.Y., Li, Y., 2019. USDA national nutrient database for standard
reference, legacy release.
Henderson, C.F. and Tilton, E.W., 1955. Tests with acaricides against the brown wheat mite. Journal of
economic entomology, 48(2), pp.157-161.
Herrero, N., Dueñas, E., Quesada-Moraga, E., Zabalgogeazcoa, I., 2012. Prevalence and diversity of
viruses in the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. Appl Environ Microbiol 78,
8523–8530. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01954-12.
Homayoonzadeh, M., Esmaeily, M., Talebi, K., Allahyarm, H., Reitz, S., Michaud, J.P., 2022.
Inoculation of cucumber plants with Beauveria bassiana enhances resistance to Aphis gossypii
(Hemiptera: Aphididae) and increases aphid susceptibility to pirimicarb. European Journal of
Entomology 119, 1–11.
Hosseini, M., Ashouri, A., Enkegaard, A., Goldansaz, S.H., Nassiri Mahalati, M., Hosseininaveh, V.,
2010. Performance and population growth rate of the cotton aphid, and associated yield losses
in cucumber, under different nitrogen fertilization regimes. International Journal of Pest
Management 56, 127–135. https://doi.org/10.1080/09670870903248827.
Huang, L.-Q., Niu, Y.-C., Su, L., Deng, H., Lyu, H., 2020. The potential of endophytic fungi isolated
from cucurbit plants for biocontrol of soilborne fungal diseases of cucumber. Microbiological
research 231, 126369.
Hubka, V., Nováková, A., Kolařík, M., Jurjević, Ž., Peterson, S.W., 2015. Revision of Aspergillus
section Flavipedes : seven new species and proposal of section Jani sect. nov. Mycologia 107,
169–208. https://doi.org/10.3852/14-059.
Humber, R.A., 2012. Identification of entomopathogenic fungi. Manual of techniques in invertebrate
pathology 151–187.
Humber, R.A., Steinkraus, D., 1998. Entomopathogenic fungal identification. APS/ESA joint annual
meeting, in: Workshop, Las Vegas.
Imoulan, A., Hussain, M., Kirk, P.M., El Meziane, A., Yao, Y.-J., 2017. Entomopathogenic fungus
Beauveria: Host specificity, ecology and significance of morpho-molecular characterization in
accurate taxonomic classification. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 20, 1204–1212.
Inglis, G.D., Enkerli, J., Goettel, M.S., 2012. Laboratory techniques used for entomopathogenic fungi:
Hypocreales. Manual of techniques in invertebrate pathology 2, 18–53.
Inglis, G.D., Goettel, M.S., Butt, T.M., Strasser, H., 2001. Use of hyphomycetous fungi for managing
insect pests., in: Fungi as Biocontrol Agents: Progress, Problems and Potential. CABI
publishing Wallingford UK, pp. 23–69.
Inglis, G.D., Ivie, T.J., Duke, G.M., Goettel, M.S., 2000. Influence of rain and conidial formulation on
persistence of Beauveria bassiana on potato leaves and Colorado potato beetle larvae.
Biological Control 18, 55–64.
Inglis, G.D., Johnson, D.L., Goettel, M.S., 1997. Effects of temperature and sunlight on mycosis
(Beauveria bassiana)(Hyphomycetes: Sympodulosporae) of grasshoppers under field
conditions. Environmental Entomology 26, 400–409.
Inyang, E.N., McCartney, H.A., Oyejola, B., Ibrahim, L., Archer, S.A., 2000. Effect of formulation,
application and rain on the persistence of the entomogenous fungus Metarhizium anisopliae on
oilseed rape. Mycological Research 104, 653–661.
Isaka, M., Kittakoop, P., Kirtikara, K., Hywel-Jones, N.L., Thebtaranonth, Y., 2005. Bioactive
substances from insect pathogenic fungi. Acc. Chem. Res. 38, 813–823.
https://doi.org/10.1021/ar040247r.
Islam, M.T., Omar, D.B., 2012. Combined effect of Beauveria bassiana with neem on virulence of
insect in case of two application approaches. The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 22(1):
77-82.
Jaber, L.R., 2015. Grapevine leaf tissue colonization by the fungal entomopathogen Beauveria
bassiana s.l. and its effect against downy mildew. BioControl 60, 103–112.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10526-014-9618-3.
Jaber, L.R., 2018. Seed inoculation with endophytic fungal entomopathogens promotes plant growth
and reduces crown and root rot (CRR) caused by Fusarium culmorum in wheat. Planta 248,
1525–1535. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-018-2991-x.
Jaber, L.R., Araj, S.-E., 2018. Interactions among endophytic fungal entomopathogens (Ascomycota:
Hypocreales), the green peach aphid Myzus persicae Sulzer (Homoptera: Aphididae), and the
aphid endoparasitoid Aphidius colemani Viereck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Biological
Control 116, 53–61.
Jaber, L.R., Enkerli, J., 2016. Effect of seed treatment duration on growth and colonization of Vicia
faba by endophytic Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium brunneum. Biological Control 103,
187–195.
Jaber, L.R., Salem, N.M., 2014. Endophytic colonisation of squash by the fungal entomopathogen
Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) for managing Zucchini yellow mosaic virus in
cucurbits. Biocontrol Science and Technology 24, 1096–1109.
https://doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2014.923379.
Jacobson, R.J., Chandler, D., Fenlon, J., Russell, K.M., 2001. Compatibility of Beauveria bassiana
(Balsamo) Vuillemin with Amblyseius cucumeris Oudemans (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) to Control
Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on Cucumber Plants. Biocontrol
Science and Technology 11, 391–400. https://doi.org/10.1080/09583150120055808.
Jamunarani, G.S., Ramanagouda, S.H., Venkateshalu, B., Jayappa, J., Raghavendra, G., Rudresh, D.L.,
Kulkarni, M.S., Mahantesha, B.N.N., Gopali, J.B., 2022. Isolation and evaluation of indigenous
endophytic entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana UHSB-END1 (Hypocreales:
Cordycipitaceae), against Spodoptera litura Fabricius. Egypt J Biol Pest Control 32, 120.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s41938-022-00617-4.
Jones, K.D., 1995. Aspects of the biology and biological control of the European corn borer in North
Carolina. PhD thesis, North Carolina State University.
Jovicich, E., 2009. Leafminer pest-generic incursion management plan for the Australian vegetable
industry. Horticulture Australia Ltd, Sydney, 123pp.
Jun, T.-H., Rouf Mian, M.A., Michel, A.P., 2012. Genetic mapping revealed two loci for soybean aphid
resistance in PI 567301B. Theor Appl Genet 124, 13–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-011-
1682-9.
Keller, S., Zimmermann, G., Wilding, N., Collins, N.M., Hammond, P.M., Webber, J.F., 1989.
Mycopathogens of soil insects. Insect-fungus interactions 239–270.
Khan, A.L., Hamayun, M., Radhakrishnan, R., Waqas, M., Kang, S.-M., Kim, Y.-H., Shin, J.-H., Choo,
Y.-S., Kim, J.-G., Lee, I.-J., 2012. Mutualistic association of Paecilomyces formosus LHL10
offers thermotolerance to Cucumis sativus. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 101, 267–279.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-011-9630-x.
Kharwar, R.N., Verma, V.C., Strobel, G., Ezra, D., 2008. The endophytic fungal complex of
Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. Current science 228–233.
Kim, J.J., Roberts, D.W., 2012. The relationship between conidial dose, moulting and insect
developmental stage on the susceptibility of cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii , to conidia of
Lecanicillium attenuatum , an entomopathogenic fungus. Biocontrol Science and Technology
22, 319–331. https://doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2012.656580.
Kirk, P.M., Cannon, P.F., Minter, D.W. and Stalpers, J.A., 2008. Dictionary of the Fungi. 10th Edition,
Wallingford, CABI, 22. http://www.slideshare.net/fitolima/dictionary-of-fungi-kirk-et-al-2008-
10a-edicao.
Klich, M.A., 2002. Identification of common Aspergillus species. CBS.
Klieber, J., Reineke, A., 2016. The entomopathogen Beauveria bassiana has epiphytic and endophytic
activity against the tomato leaf miner Tuta absoluta . J Applied Entomology 140, 580–589.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jen.12287.
Kouvelis, V.N., Ghikas, D.V., Edgington, S., Typas, M.A., Moore, D., 2008. Molecular
characterization of isolates of Beauveria bassiana obtained from overwintering and summer
populations of Sunn Pest (Eurygaster integriceps). Letters in applied microbiology 46, 414–
420.
Kryukov, V.Yu., Khodyrev, V.P., Yaroslavtseva, O.N., Kamenova, A.S., Duisembekov, B.A., Glupov,
V.V., 2009. Synergistic action of entomopathogenic hyphomycetes and the bacteria Bacillus
thuringiensis ssp. morrisoni in the infection of Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa
decemlineata. Appl Biochem Microbiol 45, 511–516.
https://doi.org/10.1134/S000368380905010X.
الصفحة 168 من 187
Kumar, K.K., Dara, S.K., 2021. Fungal and bacterial endophytes as microbial control agents for plantparasitic
nematodes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18,
4269.
Kumar, S., Stecher, G., Li, M., Knyaz, C., Tamura, K., 2018. MEGA X: molecular evolutionary
genetics analysis across computing platforms. Molecular biology and evolution 35, 1547.
Kuzhuppillymyal-Prabhakarankutty, L., Tamez-Guerra, P., Gomez-Flores, R., Rodriguez-Padilla,
M.C., Ek-Ramos, M.J., 2020. Endophytic Beauveria bassiana promotes drought tolerance and
early flowering in corn. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 36, 47. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-
020-02823-4.
Kuzma, M., Jegorov, A., Kačer, P., Havlíček, V., 2001. Sequencing of new beauverolides by highperformance
liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. J. Mass Spectrom. 36, 1108–1115.
https://doi.org/10.1002/jms.213.
Lee, S.-W., Lee, D.-W., Choo, H.-Y., 2007. Development of economical artificial diets for greater wax
moth, Galleria mellonella (L.). Korean journal of applied entomology 46, 385–392.
Lefort, M.-C., McKinnon, A.C., Nelson, T.L., Glare, T., 2016. Natural occurrence of the
entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana as a vertically transmitted endophyte of Pinus
radiata and its effect on above-and below-ground insect pests. Microbial Control, 69, 68-77.
Lewis, L.C., Berry, E.C., Obrycki, J.J., Bing, L.A., 1996. Aptness of insecticides (Bacillus
thuringiensis and carbofuran) with endophytic Beauveria bassiana, in suppressing larval
populations of the European corn borer. Agriculture, ecosystems & environment 57, 27–34.
Lewis, L.C., Bruck, D.J., Gunnarson, R.D., Bidne, K.G., 2001. Assessment of plant pathogenicity of
endophytic Beauveria bassiana in Bt transgenic and non‐transgenic corn. Crop Science 41,
1395–1400. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2001.4151395x.
Lichtenthaler, H.K., 1987. Chlorophylls and carotenoids: Pigments of photosynthetic biomembranes,
in: Methods in Enzymology, Plant Cell Membranes. Academic Press, pp. 350–382.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(87)48036-1.
Lin, W.-J., Chiu, M.-C., Lin, C.-C., Chung, Y.-K., Chou, J.-Y., 2021. Efficacy of entomopathogenic
fungus Aspergillus nomius against Dolichoderus thoracicus. BioControl 66, 463–473.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10526-021-10086-7.
Liu, T., Wang, L., Duan, Y.-X., Wang, X., 2008. Nematicidal activity of culture filtrate of Beauveria
bassiana against Meloidogyne hapla. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 24, 113–118.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-007-9446-z.
Liu, Y., Yang, Y., Wang, B., 2022. Entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium
anisopliae play roles of maize (Zea mays) growth promoter. Sci Rep 12, 1–10.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-19899-7.
Lopez, D.C., Sword, G.A., 2015. The endophytic fungal entomopathogens Beauveria bassiana and
Purpureocillium lilacinum enhance the growth of cultivated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and
negatively affect survival of the cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa zea). Biological Control 89, 53–
60.
الصفحة 169 من 187
Lord, J.C., 2005. From Metchnikoff to Monsanto and beyond: The path of microbial control. Journal of
invertebrate pathology 89, 19–29.
Lü, L.X., Wang, H.W., Liang, X.F., Hao, S.J., Du, W., Zhu, H., 2014. Dai CC. Effects of different
chemotypes and seasonal dynamic variation on the species diversity of endophytic fungal
communities harbored in Atractylodes lancea. Acta Ecol Sin 34, 7300–10.
MacLeod, D.M., 1954. Investigations on the genera Beauveria Vuill, and Tritirachium limber. Can. J.
Bot. 32, 818–890. https://doi.org/10.1139/b54-070.
Macuphe, N., Etsassala, N.G.E.R., Akinpelu, E.A., Oguntibeju, O.O., Nchu, F., 2022. Evaluating the
effect of Beauveria bassiana on secondary metabolite contents and green peach aphid (Myzus
persicae) infestation level on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Thesis, CAPE Peninsula University of
Technology 89p.
Mandasari, L.F., Hasibuan, R., Hariri, A.M., Purnomo, P., 2015. Pengaruh frekuensi aplikasi isolat
jamur entomopatogen Beauveria bassiana terhadap kutudaun (Aphis glycines Matsumura) dan
organisme non-target pada pertanaman kedelai. Jurnal Agrotek Tropika 3. 3(3): 384-392.
Manjy, M.S., 2019. Estimation the population density of leafminer Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess)
(Diptera: Agromyzidae) and effect the infestation and severity of infestation on some the
varieties of cowpea. Plant Archives (09725210) 19.
Mantzoukas, S., Lagogiannis, I., Mpousia, D., Ntoukas, A., Karmakolia, K., Eliopoulos, P.A., Poulas,
K., 2021. Beauveria bassiana endophytic strain as plant growth promoter: The case of the grape
vine Vitis vinifera. Journal of Fungi 7, 142.
Mascarin, G.M., Jaronski, S.T., 2016. The production and uses of Beauveria bassiana as a microbial
insecticide. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 32, 177. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-016-2131-3.
McKinnon, A.C., Glare, T.R., Ridgway, H.J., Mendoza-Mendoza, A., Holyoake, A., Godsoe, W.K.,
Bufford, J.L., 2018. Detection of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana in the
rhizosphere of wound-stressed Zea mays plants. Frontiers in Microbiology 9, 1161.
Melzer, M.J., Bidochka, M.J., 1998. Diversity of double-stranded RNA viruses within populations of
entomopathogenic fungi and potential implications for fungal growth and virulence. Mycologia
90, 586–594. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1998.12026947.
Menjivar, R.D., 2010. The systemic activity of mutualistic endophytic fungi in Solanaceae and
Cucurbitaceae plants on the behaviour of the phloem-feeding insects Trialeurodes
vaporariorum, Aphis gossypii and Myzus persicae (PhD Thesis). Universitäts-und
Landesbibliothek Bonn.
Meyling, N.V., 2007. Methods for isolation of entomopathogenic fungi from the soil environmentlaboratory
manual.
Meyling, N.V., Eilenberg, J., 2007. Ecology of the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and
Metarhizium anisopliae in temperate agroecosystems: Potential for conservation biological
control. Biological Control 43, 145–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2007.07.007.
Mohamed, E., Hasan, M., Yaseen, T., Moflih, M., Hasan, A.H., Almatni, W., 2022. The efficacy of
some local isolates of the fungus Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) on the red
palm weevil (RPW) Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier)(Coleoptera: Curculionida), in: VII
International Date Palm Conference 1371. pp. 87–94.
Moloinyane, S., Nchu, F., 2019. The effects of endophytic Beauveria bassiana inoculation on
infestation level of Planococcus ficus, growth and volatile constituents of potted greenhouse
grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). Toxins 11, 72.
Mseddi, J., Ben Farhat‐Touzri, D., Azzouz, H., 2022. Selection and characterization of thermotolerant
Beauveria bassiana isolates and with insecticidal activity against the cotton‐melon aphid Aphis
gossypii (Glover) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Pest Management Science 78, 2183–2195.
https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.6844.
Mu, L., Niu, Y., Deng, H., 2010. The endophytic mycobiota in summer growing cucumber in Beijing.
Mycosystema 29, 214–221.
Murray, M.G., Thompson, W., 1980. Rapid isolation of high molecular weight plant DNA. Nucleic
acids research 8, 4321–4326.
Mwamburi, L.A., 2020. Beauveria. Beneficial Microbes in Agro-Ecology, 1st Edition, Elsevier, 727–
748.
Naffaa, W., Astier, C., Ravel, C., Guillaumin, J.-J., 1999a. Creation of stable associations between
perennial ryegrass or tall fescue and fungal endophytes. Agronomie 19, 133–144.
Naffaa, W., Ravel, C., Boyer, N., Guillaumin, J.-J., 1999b. Peroxidase activity of perennial ryegrass
and tall fescue seedlings artificially infected with endophytes. Agronomie 19, 611–619.
National Research Council, 1986. Pesticide resistance: strategies and tactics for management. National
Academies Press.
Navya, B., Babu, S., 2023. Comparative metataxonamic analyses of seeds and leaves of traditional
varieties and hybrids of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) reveals distinct and core microbiome.
Heliyon, 9(9): e20216.
Nei, M., Kumar, S., 2000. Molecular evolution and phylogenetics. Oxford University Press, USA.
Nisa, H., Kamili, A.N., Nawchoo, I.A., Shafi, S., Shameem, N., Bandh, S.A., 2015. Fungal endophytes
as prolific source of phytochemicals and other bioactive natural products: a review. Microbial
pathogenesis 82, 50–59.
Nishi, O., Sushida, H., Higashi, Y., Iida, Y., 2021. Epiphytic and endophytic colonisation of tomato
plants by the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana strain GHA. Mycology 12, 39–47.
https://doi.org/10.1080/21501203.2019.1707723.
Oguniyi, B., Oyindamola, F., Pitan, O., Kehinde, I.A., 2024. Impact of commercial Beauveria bassiana
application on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) insect pests, pollinator densities and some growth
and fruit parameters. Nigerian Journal of Entomology 40, 167–178.
https://doi.org/10.36108/NJE/4202/04.0151.
Oliveira, T.G., Bezerra, J.D., Silva, I.R. da, Souza-Motta, C.M., Magalhães, O., 2021. Diversity of
endophytic fungi in the leaflets and branches of Poincianella pyramidalis, an endemic species
of Brazilian tropical dry forest. Acta Botanica Brasilica 34, 755–764.
Oller-López, J.L., Iranzo, M., Mormeneo, S., Oliver, E., Cuerva, J.M., Oltra, J.E., 2005. Bassianolone:
an antimicrobial precursor of cephalosporolides E and F from the entomoparasitic fungus
Beauveria bassiana. Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 3, 1172–1173.
Omukoko, C.A., Turoop, L., 2017. Colonization of tomato varieties by Beauveria bassiana isolates in
the screen house. Int. J. Sci. Res 6, 1024–1028.
Orole, O.O., Adejumo, T.O., 2009. Activity of fungal endophytes against four maize wilt pathogens.
Afr. J. Microbiol. Res 3, 969–973.
Ortiz-Urquiza, A., Keyhani, N.O., 2013. Action on the surface: entomopathogenic fungi versus the
insect cuticle. Insects 4, 357–374.
Ownley, B.H., Griffin, M.R., Klingeman, W.E., Gwinn, K.D., Moulton, J.K., Pereira, R.M., 2008.
Beauveria bassiana: endophytic colonization and plant disease control. Journal of invertebrate
pathology 98, 267–270.
Ownley, B.H., Gwinn, K.D., Vega, F.E., 2010. Endophytic fungal entomopathogens with activity
against plant pathogens: ecology and evolution. BioControl 55, 113–128.
Parker, B.L., Skinner, M., Costa, S.D., Gouli, S., Reid, W., El Bouhssini, M., 2003. Entomopathogenic
fungi of Eurygaster integriceps Puton (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae): collection and
characterization for development. Biological Control 27, 260–272.
Parrella, M.P., 1987. Biology of Liriomyza. Annual review of entomology 32, 201–224.
Paul, N.C., Deng, J.X., Sang, H.-K., Choi, Y.-P., Yu, S.-H., 2012. Distribution and antifungal activity
of endophytic fungi in different growth stages of chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in Korea.
The Plant Pathology Journal 28, 10–19.
Petrini, O., 1986. Taxonomy of endophytic fungi of aerial plant tissues. Microbiology of the
Phyllosphere 175–187.
Petrini, O., Fisher, P.J., 1986. Fungal endophytes in Salicornia perennis. Transactions of the British
Mycological Society 87, 647–651.
Pimentel, I.C., Gabardo, J., Poitevin, C.G., Stuart, A., Azevedo, J.L., 2016. Incidence of endophytic
fungi and occurrence of Beauveria and Paecilomyces in maize (Zea mays L.) under field and
greenhouse conditions. Asian J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. Environ. Sc 18, 47–53.
Plader, W., Burza, W., Malepszy, S., 2007. Cucumber. Transgenic Crops IV 181–199.
Porras-Alfaro, A., Bayman, P., 2011. Hidden fungi, emergent properties: endophytes and microbiomes.
Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 49, 291–315. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-080508-081831.
Posada, F., Aime, M.C., Peterson, S.W., Rehner, S.A., Vega, F.E., 2007. Inoculation of coffee plants
with the fungal entomopathogen Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota: Hypocreales). Mycological
research 111, 748–757.
Posada, F., Vega, F.E., 2005. Establishment of the fungal entomopathogen Beauveria bassiana
(Ascomycota: Hypocreales) as an endophyte in cocoa seedlings (Theobroma cacao). Mycologia
97, 1195–1200. https://doi.org/10.1080/15572536.2006.11832729.
الصفحة 172 من 187
Posada, F.J., Chaves, F.C., Gianfagna, T.J., Pava-Ripoll, M., Hebbar, P., 2010. Establishment of the
fungal entomopathogen Beauveria bassiana as an endophyte in cocoa pods (Theobroma cacao
L.). Revista UDCA actualidad & divulgación científica 13, 71–78.
Poveda, J., 2021. Trichoderma as biocontrol agent against pests: New uses for a mycoparasite.
Biological Control 159, 104634.
Powell, W.A., Klingeman, W.E., Ownley, B.H., Gwinn, K.D., 2009. Evidence of endophytic Beauveria
bassiana in seed-treated tomato plants acting as a systemic entomopathogen to larval
Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Entomological Science 44, 391–396.
Prabukumar, S., Rajkuberan, C., Ravindran, K., Sivaramakrishnan, S., 2015. Isolation and
characterization of endophytic fungi from medicinal plant Crescentia cujete L. and their
antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer properties. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 7, 316–321.
Pus, W., 2017. Plant-mediated effects of Trichoderma spp. and Beauveria bassiana isolates on insect
and pathogen resistance (PhD Thesis). Lincoln University.
Quesada-Moraga, E., Landa, B.B., Muñoz-Ledesma, J., Jiménez-Diáz, R.M., Santiago-Álvarez, C.,
2006a. Endophytic colonisation of Opium Poppy, Papaver somniferum, by an
entomopathogenic Beauveria bassiana strain. Mycopathologia 161, 323–329.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11046-006-0014-0.
Quesada-Moraga, E., López-Díaz, C., Landa, B.B., 2014. The hidden habit of the entomopathogenic
fungus Beauveria bassiana: first demonstration of vertical plant transmission. PLoS One 9,
e89278.
Quesada-Moraga, E, Maranhao, E.A.A., Valverde-García, P., Santiago-Álvarez, C., 2006b. Selection of
Beauveria bassiana isolates for control of the whiteflies Bemisia tabaci and Trialeurodes
vaporariorum on the basis of their virulence, thermal requirements, and toxicogenic activity.
Biological control 36, 274–287.
Quesada-Moraga, E., Vey, A., 2003. Intra-specific variation in virulence and in vitro production of
macromolecular toxins active against locust among Beauveria bassiana strains and effects of in
vivo and in vitro passage on these factors. Biocontrol Science and Technology 13, 323–340.
R Core team, 2022. R: A language and environment for statistical computing.
Ramakuwela, T., Hatting, J., Bock, C., Vega, F.E., Wells, L., Mbata, G.N., Shapiro-Ilan, D., 2020.
Establishment of Beauveria bassiana as a fungal endophyte in pecan (Carya illinoinensis)
seedlings and its virulence against pecan insect pests. Biological Control 140, 104102.
Ramos, Y., Portal, O., Lysøe, E., Meyling, N.V., Klingen, I., 2017. Diversity and abundance of
Beauveria bassiana in soils, stink bugs and plant tissues of common bean from organic and
conventional fields. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 150, 114–120.
Reay, S.D., Brownbridge, M., Cummings, N.J., Nelson, T.L., Souffre, B., Lignon, C., Glare, T.R.,
2008. Isolation and characterization of Beauveria spp. associated with exotic bark beetles in
New Zealand Pinus radiata plantation forests. Biological Control 46, 484–494.
Reay, S.D., Brownbridge, M., Gicquel, B., Cummings, N.J., Nelson, T.L., 2010. Isolation and
characterization of endophytic Beauveria spp.(Ascomycota: Hypocreales) from Pinus radiata in
New Zealand forests. Biological Control 54, 52–60.
Rehner, S.A., 2005. Phylogenetics of the insect pathogenic genus Beauveria. Insect-fungal
associations: Ecology and evolution 3, 27.
Rehner, S.A., Minnis, A.M., Sung, G.-H., Luangsa-ard, J.J., Devotto, L., Humber, R.A., 2011.
Phylogeny and systematics of the anamorphic, entomopathogenic genus Beauveria. Mycologia
103, 1055–1073.
Resquín-Romero, G., Garrido-Jurado, I., Delso, C., Ríos-Moreno, A., Quesada-Moraga, E., 2016.
Transient endophytic colonizations of plants improve the outcome of foliar applications of
mycoinsecticides against chewing insects. Journal of invertebrate pathology 136, 23–31.
Robène-Soustrade, I., Jouen, E., Pastou, D., Payet-Hoarau, M., Goble, T., Linderme, D., Lefeuvre, P.,
Calmès, C., Reynaud, B., Nibouche, S., 2015. Description and phylogenetic placement of
Beauveria hoplocheli sp. nov. used in the biological control of the sugarcane white grub,
Hoplochelus marginalis, on Reunion Island. Mycologia 107, 1221–1232.
Roberts, D.W., 1981. Toxins of entomopathogenic fungi. Microbial control of pests and plant diseases
441.
Roberts, D.W., 1989. World picture of biological control of insects by fungi. Memorias do Instituto
Oswaldo Cruz 84, 89–100.
Rodriguez, R.J., White Jr, J.F., Arnold, A.E., Redman, R.S., 2009. Fungal endophytes: diversity and
functional roles. New Phytologist 182, 314–330. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-
8137.2009.02773.x.
Rondot, Y., Reineke, A., 2014. Potential of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana as an
endophyte in grapevine Vitis vinifera (L.) plants. Potential of the entomopathogenic fungus
Beauveria bassiana as an endophyte in grapevine Vitis vinifera (L.) plants. 105, 35–43.
Rondot, Y., Reineke, A., 2019. Endophytic Beauveria bassiana activates expression of defence genes
in grapevine and prevents infections by grapevine downy mildew Plasmopara viticola. Plant
Pathology 68, 1719–1731. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppa.13089.
Roodi, D., Millner, J.P., McGill, C.R., Johnson, R.D., Hea, S.-Y., Brookes, J.J., Glare, T.R., Card,
S.D., 2021. Development of plant–fungal endophyte associations to suppress phoma stem
canker in Brassica. Microorganisms 9, 2387.
Roy, H.E., Steinkraus, D.C., Eilenberg, J., Hajek, A.E. and Pell, J.K., 2006. Bizarre interactions and
endgames: Entomopathogenic fungi and their arthropod hosts. Annual review of entomology,
51(1), pp.331-357. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.51.110104.150941.
Rubini, M.R., Silva-Ribeiro, R.T., Pomella, A.W., Maki, C.S., Araújo, W.L., Dos Santos, D.R.,
Azevedo, J.L., 2005. Diversity of endophytic fungal community of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.)
and biological control of Crinipellis perniciosa, causal agent of Witches’ Broom Disease.
International Journal of Biological Sciences 1, 24.
Rur, M., 2016. Developing IPM tools for greenhouse cucumber production in Sweden–a participatory
action research approach. Licentiate thesis, SLU (Alnarp, Sweden).
Sabbahi, R., 2008. Use of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana in a strategy of
phytosanitary management of the main insect pests in strawberry plantations. Quebec, Canada:
University of Quebec.
الصفحة 174 من 187
Sánchez Márquez, M., Bills, G.F., Zabalgogeazcoa, I., 2007. The endophytic mycobiota of the grass
Dactylis glomerata. Fungal Diversity, 27, 171-195.
Sánchez-Rodríguez, A.R., Raya-Díaz, S., Zamarreño, Á.M., García-Mina, J.M., del Campillo, M.C.,
Quesada-Moraga, E., 2018. An endophytic Beauveria bassiana strain increases spike
production in bread and durum wheat plants and effectively controls cotton leafworm
(Spodoptera littoralis) larvae. Biological Control 116, 90–102.
Santiago-Álvarez, C., Maranhão, E.A., Maranhão, E., Quesada-Moraga, E., 2006. Host plant influences
pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana to Bemisia tabaci and its sporulation on cadavers.
Biocontrol 51, 519–532. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10526-005-5737-1.
Sappanukhro, P., Petcharat, J., Nualsri, J., Permkam, S., 2011. Identification of Liriomyza spp.(Diptera:
Agromyzidae) on yardlong bean and cucumber in Songkhla province: II. Using Random
Ampliflied Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and male distiphallus technique. J. Agric. Tech 7, 349–
368.
Sayed, S., El-Shehawi, A., Al-Otaibi, Saad, El-Shazly, S., Al-Otaibi, Saqer, Ibrahim, R., Alorabi, M.,
Baazeem, A., Elseehy, M., 2020. Isolation and efficacy of the endophytic fungus, Beauveria
bassiana (Bals.) Vuillemin on grapevine aphid, Aphis illinoisensis Shimer (Hemiptera:
Aphididae) under laboratory conditions. Egypt J Biol Pest Control 30, 38.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s41938-020-00234-z.
Schulz, B., Guske, S., Dammann, U., 1998. Endophyte-host interactions. II. Defining symbiosis of the
endophyte-host interaction. Symbiosis, 25, 213-227.
Shaalan, R., Ibrahim, L., 2018. Entomopathogenic fungal endophytes: can they colonize cucumber
plants?, in: IX International Scientific Agriculture Symposium" AGROSYM 2018", Jahorina,
Bosnia and Herzegovina, 4-7 October 2018. Book of Proceedings. University of East Sarajevo,
Faculty of Agriculture, pp. 853–860.
Shaalan, R., Ibrahim, L., As-Sadi, F., El Kayal, W., 2022. Impact of Beauveria bassiana and
Metarhizium anisopliae on the metabolic interactions between cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)
and Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV). Horticulturae 8, 1182.
Shaalan, R.S., Gerges, E., Habib, W., Ibrahim, L., 2021. Endophytic colonization by Beauveria
bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae induces growth promotion effect and increases the
resistance of cucumber plants against Aphis gossypii. Journal of Plant Protection Research 61.
Shah, P.A., Pell, J.K., 2003. Entomopathogenic fungi as biological control agents. Appl Microbiol
Biotechnol 61, 413–423. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-003-1240-8.
Shahid, A.A., Rao, Q.A., Bakhsh, A., Husnain, T., 2012. Entomopathogenic fungi as biological
controllers: new insights into their virulence and pathogenicity. Archives of Biological Sciences
64, 21–42.
Sharma, A., Rana, C., Shiwani, K., 2016. 19 Important insect pests of cucurbits and their management.
Handbook of Cucurbits: Growth, Cultural Practices, and Physiology, 34p.
Sharma, A., Shukla, A., Gupta, M., 2023. Effect of bioagents on cucumber seed mycoflora, seed
germination, and seedling vigour. Scientific Reports 13, 6052.
الصفحة 175 من 187
Shin, T.Y., Lee, W.W., Ko, S.H., Choi, J.B., Bae, S.M., Choi, J.Y., Lee, K.S., Je, Y.H., Jin, B.R., Woo,
S.D., 2013. Distribution and characterisation of entomopathogenic fungi from Korean soils.
Biocontrol Science and Technology 23, 288–304.
https://doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2012.756853.
Sikora, R.A., Pocasangre, L., zum Felde, A., Niere, B., Vu, T.T., Dababat, A.A., 2008. Mutualistic
endophytic fungi and in-planta suppressiveness to plant parasitic nematodes. Biological control
46, 15–23.
Silva, A.C.L., Silva, G.A., Abib, P.H.N., Carolino, A.T., Samuels, R.I., 2020. Endophytic colonization
of tomato plants by the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana for controlling the South
American tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta. CABI Agric Biosci 1, 3.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s43170-020-00002-x.
Silva, E.M., Souza, J.N.S., Rogez, H., Rees, J.-F., Larondelle, Y., 2007. Antioxidant activities and
polyphenolic contents of fifteen selected plant species from the Amazonian region. Food
chemistry 101, 1012–1018.
Singh, K.B., Weigand, S., 1994. Identification of resistant sources in Cicer species to Liriomyza
cicerina. Genet Resour Crop Evol 41, 75–79. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00053051.
Sinha, K.K., Choudhary, A.K., Kumari, P., 2016. Entomopathogenic fungi, in: Ecofriendly Pest
Management for Food Security. Elsevier, pp. 475–505.
Stoetzel, M.B., Miller, G.L., O’Brien, P.J., Graves, J.B., 1996. Aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae)
colonizing cotton in the United States. Florida Entomologist 193–205.
Strasser, H., Abendstein, D., Stuppner, H., Butt, T.M., 2000. Monitoring the distribution of secondary
metabolites produced by the entomogenous fungus Beauveria brongniartii with particular
reference to oosporein. Mycological Research 104, 1227–1233.
Su, L., Deng, H., Niu, Y.-C., 2016. Phialemoniopsis endophytica sp. nov., a new species of endophytic
fungi from Luffa cylindrica in Henan, China. Mycol Progress 15, 48.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-016-1189-5.
Su, L., Deng, H., Niu, Y.-C., 2017. Phylogenetic analysis of Plectosphaerella species based on multilocus
DNA sequences and description of P. sinensis sp. nov. Mycol Progress 16, 823–829.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-017-1319-8.
Su, L., Niu, Y.-C., 2018. Multilocus phylogenetic analysis of Talaromyces species isolated from
cucurbit plants in China and description of two new species, T. cucurbitiradicus and T.
endophyticus. Mycologia 110, 375–386. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2018.1432221.
Sugui, J.A., Kwon-Chung, K.J., Juvvadi, P.R., Latgé, J.-P., Steinbach, W.J., 2015. Aspergillus
fumigatus and related species. Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine 5.
Sung, J.-M., Lee, J.-O., Humber, R.A., Sung, G.-H., Shrestha, B., 2006. Cordyceps bassiana and
production of stromata in vitro showing Beauveria anamorph in Korea. Mycobiology 34, 1–6.
https://doi.org/10.4489/MYCO.2006.34.1.001.
Syamsia, S.S., Abubakar, A.I., Amanda, A.P.F., Noerfitryani, N.N., Iradhatullah, I.R., Henry, H.K.,
Rakhmad, R.A., 2021. Combination on endophytic fungal as the Plant Growth-Promoting Fungi
(PGPF) on cucumber (Cucumis sativus). Biodiversitas 22, 1194–1202.
Taha, S.S., Osman, A.Sh., 2018. Influence of potassium humate on biochemical and agronomic
attributes of bean plants grown on saline soil. The Journal of Horticultural Science and
Biotechnology 93, 545–554. https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2017.1416960.
Tall, S., Meyling, N.V., 2018. Probiotics for Plants? Growth promotion by the entomopathogenic
fungus Beauveria bassiana depends on nutrient availability. Microb Ecol 76, 1002–1008.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-018-1180-6.
Tanada, Y., Kaya, H., 1993. Insect Pathology, 1st Edition URL https://shop.elsevier.com/books/insectpathology/
vega/978-0-08-092625-4.
Tian, Y., Fu, X., Zhang, G., Zhang, R., Kang, Z., Gao, K., Mendgen, K., 2022. Mechanisms in growthpromoting
of cucumber by the endophytic fungus Chaetomium globosum strain ND35. Journal
of fungi 8, 180.
Torkaman, Z., Talaei-Hassanloui, R., Khorramnejad, A., Pashaei, M.R., 2023. Effects of endophytism
by Beauveria bassiana (Cordycipitaceae) on plant growth, Fusarium (Nectriaceae) disease, and
Sunn pest Eurygaster integriceps (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae) in wheat (Poaceae). The Canadian
Entomologist 155, e12.
Tran, T.T.A., Tran, D.H., Konishi, K., Takagi, M., 2005. The vegetable leafminer Liriomyza sativae
Blanchard (Diptera: Agromyzidae) and its parasitoids on cucumber [Cucumis sativus] in the
Hochiminh region of Vietnam. Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture-Kyushu University
(Japan), 50(1): 119-124.
Tranier, M.-S., Pognant-Gros, J., Quiroz, R.D. la C., González, C.N.A., Mateille, T., Roussos, S., 2014.
Commercial biological control agents targeted against plant-parasitic root-knot nematodes.
Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 57, 831–841.
Trissi, A.N., El Bouhsini, M., Alsalti, M.N., von Korff, M., Hamwieh, A., Skinner, M., Parker, B.L.,
Baum, M., 2013. Genetic diversity among summer and winter Beauveria bassiana populations
as revealed by AFLP analysis. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 16, 269–273.
Trissi, A.N., El-Bouhssini, M., Skinner, M., Parker, B.L., 2019. Sublethal effect of Beauveria bassiana
on feeding and fecundity of the sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps Puton (Hemiptera:
Scutelleridae). EPPO Bulletin 49, 570–577.
Trizelia, T., 2020. The effect of seed treatment duration with entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria
bassiana on seed germination and seedling growth of chili. JERAMI Indonesian Journal of
Crop Science 3, 25–29.
Tymon, L.S., Morgan, P., Gundersen, B., Inglis, D.A., 2020. Potential of endophytic fungi collected
from Cucurbita pepo roots grown under three different agricultural mulches as antagonistic
endophytes to Verticillium dahliae in western Washington. Microbiological Research 240,
126535.
Tyurin, M., Kabilov, M.R., Smirnova, N., Tomilova, O.G., Yaroslavtseva, O., Alikina, T., Glupov,
V.V., Kryukov, V.Y., 2021. Can potato plants be colonized with the fungi Metarhizium and
Beauveria under their natural load in agrosystems? Microorganisms 9, 1373.
Ugine, T.A., Wraight, S.P., Sanderson, J.P., 2005. Differential susceptibility of western flower thrips
(Frankliniella occidentalis) to Beauveria bassiana, as a function of host plant species. Bulletin
OILB/SROP, 28(1): 271-274.
الصفحة 177 من 187
Vakili, N.G., 1989. Biocontrol of stalk rot in corn, in: Proceedings of the Forty-Fourth Annual Corn
and Sorghum Industry Research Conference. pp. 87–105.
Valencia, A., Jorge, W., Bustamante, A.L.G., Jimenez, A.V., Fátima Grossi-de-sá, M., 2011. Cytotoxic
activity of fungal metabolites from the pathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana: an intraspecific
evaluation of Beauvericin production. Current Microbiology 63, 306.
Vázquez De Aldana, B.R., Bills, G., Zabalgogeazcoa, I., 2013. Are endophytes an important link
between airborne spores and allergen exposure? Fungal Diversity 60, 33–42.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-013-0223-z.
Vega, F.E., 2008. Insect pathology and fungal endophytes. Journal of invertebrate pathology 98, 277–
279.
Vega, F.E., 2018. The use of fungal entomopathogens as endophytes in biological control: a review.
Mycologia 110, 4–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2017.1418578.
Vega, F.E., Blackwell, M., 2005. Insect-fungal associations: ecology and evolution. Oxford University
Press.
Vega, F.E., Meyling, N.V., Luangsa-ard, J.J., Blackwell, M., 2012. Chapter 6 - Fungal
Entomopathogens, in: Vega, F.E., Kaya, H.K. (Eds.), Insect Pathology (Second Edition).
Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 171–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-384984-7.00006-
3.
Vega, F.E., Posada, F., Aime, M.C., Pava-Ripoll, M., Infante, F., Rehner, S.A., 2008.
Entomopathogenic fungal endophytes. Biological control 46, 72–82.
Vega, F.E., Simpkins, A., Aime, M.C., Posada, F., Peterson, S.W., Rehner, S.A., Infante, F., Castillo,
A., Arnold, A.E., 2010. Fungal endophyte diversity in coffee plants from Colombia, Hawai’i,
Mexico and Puerto Rico. fungal ecology 3, 122–138.
Vidal, S., Jaber, L.R., 2015. Entomopathogenic fungi as endophytes: plant–endophyte–herbivore
interactions and prospects for use in biological control. Current science 46–54.
Vinit, K., Doilom, M., Wanasinghe, D.N., Bhat, D.J., Brahmanage, R.S., Jeewon, R., Xiao, Y., Hyde,
K.D., 2018. Phylogenetic placement of Akanthomyces muscarius, a new endophyte record from
Nypa fruticans in Thailand. Current Research in Environmental & Applied Mycology 8, 404–
417.
Visagie, C.M., Hirooka, Y., Tanney, J.B., Whitfield, E., Mwange, K., Meijer, M., Amend, A.S., Seifert,
K.A., Samson, R.A., 2014. Aspergillus, Penicillium and Talaromyces isolated from house dust
samples collected around the world. Studies in Mycology 78, 63–139.
Vlase, L., Parvu, M., Parvu, E.A., Toiu, A., 2012. Chemical constituents of three Allium species from
Romania. Molecules 18, 114–127.
Von Arx, J.A., 1981. The genus of fungi sporulating in pure culture. Cramer (Vaduz).
Wagner, B.L., Lewis, L.C., 2000. Colonization of Corn, Zea mays , by the Entomopathogenic Fungus
Beauveria bassiana. Appl Environ Microbiol 66, 3468–3473.
https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.66.8.3468-3473.2000.
الصفحة 178 من 187
Walstad, J.D., Anderson, R.F., Stambaugh, W.J., 1970. Effects of environmental conditions on two
species of muscardine fungi (Beauveria bassiana and Metarrhizium anisopliae). Journal of
Invertebrate pathology 16, 221–226.
Wang, Y., Fan, Q., Wang, D., Zou, W.-Q., Tang, D.-X., Hongthong, P., Yu, H., 2022. Species diversity
and virulence potential of the Beauveria bassiana complex and Beauveria scarabaeidicola
Complex. Frontiers in Microbiology 13.
Waqas, M., Khan, A.L., Kamran, M., Hamayun, M., Kang, S.-M., Kim, Y.-H., Lee, I.-J., 2012.
Endophytic fungi produce gibberellins and indoleacetic acid and promotes host-plant growth
during stress. Molecules 17, 10754–10773.
Warrier, R.R., Paul, M., Vineetha, M.V., 2013. Estimation of salicylic acid in Eucalyptus leaves using
spectrophotometric methods. Genetics and plant physiology 3, 90–97.
Webb, S.E., 2006. Insect management for cucurbits (Cucumber, Squash, Cantaloupe, and
Watermelon): ENY-460/IN168, rev. 9/2006. EDIS 2006.
Wenndt, A.J., Evans, S.E., Van Diepeningen, A.D., Logan, J.R., Jacobson, P.J., Seely, M.K., Jacobson,
K.M., 2021. Why plants harbor complex endophytic fungal communities: insights from
perennial bunchgrass stipagrostis sabulicola in the Namib Sand Sea. Front. Microbiol. 12,
691584. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.691584.
White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S., Taylor, J., 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal
ribosomal rna genes for phylogenetics, in: Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J., White,
Thomas J. (Eds.), PCR Protocols. Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 315–322.
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1.
Wilberts, L., Rojas-Preciado, N., Jacquemyn, H., Lievens, B., 2023. Fungal strain and crop cultivar
affect growth of sweet pepper plants after root inoculation with entomopathogenic fungi.
Frontiers in Plant Science 14, 1196765.
Wilson, D., 1995a. Endophyte: the evolution of a term, and clarification of its use and definition. Oikos
274–276.
Wilson, D., 1995b. Fungal endophytes which invade insect galls: insect pathogens, benign saprophytes,
or fungal inquilines? Oecologia 103, 255–260. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00329088.
Wraight, S.P., Ramos, M.E., 2005. Synergistic interaction between Beauveria bassiana-and Bacillus
thuringiensis tenebrionis-based biopesticides applied against field populations of Colorado
potato beetle larvae. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 90, 139–150.
Wu, S., He, Z., Wang, E., Xu, X., Lei, Z., 2017. Application of Beauveria bassiana and Neoseiulus
barkeri for improved control of Frankliniella occidentalis in greenhouse cucumber. Crop
Protection 96, 83–87.
Xia, Y., Liu, J., Chen, C., Mo, X., Tan, Q., He, Y., Wang, Z., Yin, J., Zhou, G., 2022. The
multifunctions and future prospects of endophytes and their metabolites in plant disease
management. Microorganisms 10, 1072.
Xu, Y., Orozco, R., Wijeratne, E.K., Espinosa-Artiles, P., Gunatilaka, A.L., Stock, S.P., Molnár, I.,
2009. Biosynthesis of the cyclooligomer depsipeptide bassianolide, an insecticidal virulence
factor of Beauveria bassiana. Fungal Genetics and Biology 46, 353–364.
الصفحة 179 من 187
Xue, Q., Niu, Y., Deng, H., 2015. Diversity of endophytic fungi in common cucurbit plants.
Mycosystema. 34, 196-203. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.
Yakasai, A.A., 2011. Chemical and biological investigations of tenellin biosynthesis and epigenetic
remodelling in Beauveria bassiana (PhD Thesis). University of Bristol.
Yan, J.F., Broughton, S.J., Yang, S.L., Gange, A.C., 2015. Do endophytic fungi grow through their
hosts systemically? Fungal ecology 13, 53–59.
Yan, X., Sikora, R.A., Zheng, J., 2011. Potential use of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) endophytic
fungi as seed treatment agents against root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. J. Zhejiang
Univ. Sci. B 12, 219–225. https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B1000165.
Yeo, H., Pell, J.K., Alderson, P.G., Clark, S.J., Pye, B.J., 2003. Laboratory evaluation of temperature
effects on the germination and growth of entomopathogenic fungi and on their pathogenicity to
two aphid species. Pest Management Science 59, 156–165. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.622.
Yerukala, S., Butler, D.M., Bernard, E.C., Gwinn, K.D., Grewal, P.S., Ownley, B.H., 2022.
Colonization efficacy of the endophytic insect-pathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana , across
the plant kingdom: A Meta-Analysis. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 41, 241–270.
https://doi.org/10.1080/07352689.2022.2109287.
Yunisman, R., Rahman, E., Rusli, 2023. Beauveria bassiana colonization on cabbage and its effect on
seed germination and seedling growth, in: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental
Science. IOP Publishing, p. 012055.
Zhao, D., Liu, B., Wang, Y., Zhu, X., Duan, Y., Chen, L., 2013. Screening for nematicidal activities of
Beauveria bassiana and associated fungus using culture filtrate. African Journal of
Microbiology Research 7, 974–978.
Zheng, Y., Liu, Y., Zhang, J., Liu, X., Ju, Z., Shi, H., Mendoza‐Mendoza, A., Zhou, W., 2023. Dual
role of endophytic entomopathogenic fungi: induce plant growth and control tomato leafminer
Phthorimaea absoluta. Pest Management Science 79, 4557–4568.
https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.7657.
Zimmermann, G., 1986. The ‘Galleria bait method’for detection of entomopathogenic fungi in soil.
Journal of applied Entomology 102, 213–215.