The study shows the stability of dill varieties to fusarium in the Moscow region.

The factor that caused the inhibition of seed germination under the influence of 15 % extract from fruits Anethum graveolens was revealed. When transferring the test-object in favorable condition, this effect still remained imitating the seed dormancy. It was shown that under influence of temperature factor the time required to escape this state was considerably reduced.

Relevance. Common dill (Anethum graveolens L.) is an annual plant of the celery family (Apiaceae). It has alternated variously repeatedly pinnatisected simple leaves character- ized by a number of morphological features including color, presence of waxy bloom, size and density of the final segments, size and shape of the leaf blade. Leaves on different nodes of the same plant can be variable. Environment conditions of plant cultivation also affect some morphological characteristics of the leaf (inc. size of the leaf and its final segments). But, under the same conditions each variety of dill possess a certain set of morphological features that determine the variety identity. In recent years, dill varieties with new morphological features of the leaf blade have emerged, and it is important to evaluate and classify the existing morphologic diversity of the plant.Methods. Several methods are currently used to describe morphological features of dill leaves structure: developed by VIR (All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources), UPOV, the plant approbation manual, description of leafy vegetables in “Cultivated Flora” compendium. There are similarities and differences between the methods in description of characteristics and their grouping according to the extent of the characters. In this study the current methods for description of the morphological features of dill leafs were compared. The described morphological evaluation of the dill varieties was carried out at 2016–2018 in open field in the Research Institute of Vegetable Crop Breeding (LLC), in the “Gavrish-Slobodskoy” Plant Breeding Center (Pavlovskaya Sloboda, Istrinsky district, Moscow region).Results. As a result, it was revealed that the UPOV method more comprehensively describes the morphological characteristics of dill leaf blade. This method can be extended in the following direction: Establish groups according to the length of leaf, using leaf blade length without petiole: small leaf blade – 5-12 cm, medium – 12-25 cm, large – 25- 40 cm; Establish new character: a density of leaf segments (in parts of the 2nd order) and identify the following groups: thin (up to 5 segments), medium density (6-15 segments), and dense (16 or more segments) arrangement of the segments; Establish new character: segment length, grouping it according their actual length: up to 1 cm – short, from 1 to 1.5 cm – medium, and more than 1.5 cm – long leaf segments. According to the evaluated leaf morphological characteristics: size, color, presence of waxy bloom, “leaf patterns”, the dill plants are very diverse. Two dill morphotypes can be distinguished by presence or absence of waxy bloom, 3 morphotypes by the leaf shape (diamond-shaped, elongated, triangular), and 27 morphotypes – by location and size of the final leaf segments.

The study was performed to discover the effect of the loca-tion of umbel in ‘Centaur’ variety (Anethum graveolens L.) on the linear parameters of the seed. The seeds were sown on the experimental field of the FGBNU VNIIO in 2015-2016 and grown for seed production. 30 plants were selected in three-fold repetition for each variant at random, and umbels were cut in accordance with the experimental design. Then, the length of the seed, embryo and endosperm from umbels, located on the stalks of first, second orders of branching and controls were measured. It was found that the mean lengths of the elements of the seed (3.85 3.43 mm), endosperm (3.37 2.99 mm) and embryo (1.00 0.77 mm) of dill varied considerably and depended on architectonics of a seed plant and environment. The length of the endosperm averaged 88-89% of the length of the seed. The length of the embryo in the inflorescences of the first order was 26% of the length of the seed and 30% of the length of the endosperm, and in umbels of the second order was 5 and 6% lower. The length of the seed and endosperm was mainly influenced by growing conditions (77% and 81%, respectively), and the length of the embryo the maternal factor (92%). Correlation analysis showed that the influence of the length of the seed on the length of the endosperm had a high positive dependence (r = 0.961-0.978). Between the length of the embryo and the length of the seed; Also the length of the embryo and the length of the endosperm, a weak linkage was observed (r = 0.050-0.314 and 0.066-0.325 respectively).

Relevance. The creation of varieties and hybrids with environmental sustainability is a priority in crop breeding. Many issues related to biology and ecology of a number of spice plants remain understudied. The study of the biological and ecological characteristics of common dill in order to create straight varieties with high yields in the phase of industrial ripeness in our conditions has not been carried out. The aim of the research was to evaluate the parameters of adaptive capacity and ecological stability in collection samples of common dill in terms of yield.Materials and methods. The research was carried out in the experimental field of the Department of Fruit and Vegetable Growing of the Belarusian State Agricultural Academy, Gorki, Mogilev region over a period of 2012–2014 and 2019–2021. The objects were breeding samples of common dill. Field and laboratory experiments were carried out using generally accepted methods and guidelines. The meteorological conditions during the years of the research differed both in terms of temperature indicators and the amount of precipitation, which contributed to an objective assessment of the varieties under study according to a complex of economically useful traits.Results. The article presents the results of the study of common dill breeding samples obtained in different years of research. In the first set (2012-2014) there were 40 sample plants, in the second set (2019-2020) – 26 pieces. In the course of assessing the parameters of adaptive capacity and ecological stability, the diversity among the samples of common dill was revealed according to the main parameters. The difference in terms of yield between sets of genotypes and test conditions over the years indicates the relationship between the genotype and the environment. Based on the results of studying the common dill collection, the parent material for breeding for a consistently high yield was selected. The regularity of maintaining the stability of the trait "yield" with a repeated set of genotypes in different years of research has been established.

Architectonics of dill seed-plant and ripeness level of seeds determine the linear sizes of embryo, exerting an influence on dormant stage, speed of embryo development, and main quality characteristics of seeds, which are responsible for their germination ability.

Contributions of main factors and their interaction effects on development of the allelopathic activity of seeds have been shown. The specificity of distribution of factor influence portion has been revealed depending on extract concentration.