The population of our planet is growing every year and its growth by 2050 will exceed the potential of agriculture and will not be able to provide food security in General. This problem is the subject of the study. The article considers the existing programs of the Russian Federation aimed at supporting domestic producers of agricultural raw materials and food, ensuring the availability and quality of food in the food market. Foreign experience in the creation and implementation of programs in these areas has been studied. The article presents an assessment of the consequences of sanctions on the total cost of trade flows between the European Union and Russia. The study was carried out on the example of data on the Irkutsk region. An element of scientific novelty is the consideration of approaches to solving the problem of food security not only from the state, producers of agricultural raw materials and food, but also from its consumers – the population. Social efficiency in achieving the proposed performance indicators will be determined by increasing life expectancy, reducing morbidity, improving the quality of life of those suffering from diseases associated with poor nutrition, and the ratio of the obtained favorable social results to the costs to achieve them. At the same time, economic efficiency will be expressed by assessing the impact of the results achieved in the framework of the program activities on the formation of the gross product, increasing labor productivity and ensuring the dynamics of economic growth. The practical application of the proposed directions of improving the availability and quality of food for the population will improve the efficiency of the food market and create conditions for the formation of the state of protection of the Russian subjects from the threats of food security.