Relevance. Tomato occupies a special place among vegetable crops in the world, including in the Republic of Dagestan. The article presents the results of research on the use of biostimulators of growth on the productivity of tomato plants in open ground conditions of the Tersk-Sulak subprovincion of Dagestan. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of the biological product Relict R and Humate+7 on economically valuable indicators in the production of tomatoes of domestic selection in open ground conditions. Tomatoes were grown using conventional technology in open ground conditions.   Material and methodology. The research was carried out on the basis of the Tersko-Sulak subprovince of the Federal Agricultural Research Center of the Republic of Dagestan of the Kizlyar district. The soil of the experimental site is alluvial-meadow, medium-saline, medium loamy in mechanical composition. Agricultural technology is generally accepted in the Republic of Dagestan for tomato culture. The objects of research were tomatoes of the Voskhod VNIISSOKa variety, Relict R, Humate+7.   Results. The use of humic preparations accelerated the duration of the interphase period of germination-maturation, the difference in variants ranged from 6 to 11 days. The yield of tomatoes has shown that the use of biostimulants of growth gives a significant increase. Relict P turned out to be the most effective – the increase was 4.1 t/ha. The effectiveness of Humate+7 also exceeded the control yield and amounted to 2.3 t/ha, respectively. The use of the biopreparation stimulated the accumulation of dry substances in tomato fruits from 5.9 % in the control to 6.4-6.9 % in the experimental versions, the sugar content increased by 0.2 %. The studied preparations had a positive effect on the yield and quality indicators of tomatoes. According to the research results, it is recommended to use the Relict R – liquid humic preparation on tomato to increase yields and quality indicators in the conditions of the south of the country.

Relevance. LED sources of plant irradiation, surpassing the level of sodium light sources in terms of energy efficiency, are superior to them in terms of the possibility of optimizing spectral characteristics. Therefore, the issue of wider use of LED light sources when growing plants under light culture conditions is relevant. Possessing significantly greater efficiency compared to high-pressure sodium lamps, LEDs are of great interest to greenhouse growers. However, the successful application of these new light sources requires new approaches. And the main thing is that LED sources of plant irradiation cannot be widely used without changing the technology for growing vegetable crops in protected soil, without introducing new, specially created hybrids. And direct replacement of sodium light sources with LEDs does not make sense.Methods. The studies were carried out in a modern greenhouse under controlled conditions of real light culture while growing a medium-fruited tomato F1 Bountis (DRS). The area of the registration plot was 326 m2. For phenological observations and crop recording, areas with the same number of plants were allocated in the center of the recording plot, leaving protective strips in one row of plants along the edges. The installed lighting power is 200 W/m2. The light source was high-pressure sodium lamps DNaZ/Reflux 600W 400V with a ZhSP25 Reflux lamp with electronic ballasts, as well as a LED greenhouse lamp 680W 400V.Results. When using a hybrid system, the total illumination in the PAR region is 40% higher compared to a sodium lighting system, and it would be expected that the yield of the tomato crop will change accordingly. In general, over the entire period of the experiment, the yield under hybrid lighting conditions was higher by only 3 kg/m2 or 5.5% and amounted to 58.3 kg/m2, and under the sodium system – 55.2 kg/m2. At the same time, under the conditions of the hybrid lighting system, plant growth was slightly behind the control: the length of the main stem was by 15%, the number of established leaves and their average length by 3%, the number of formed inflorescences by 5%, and the thickness of the leaf blade by 20%.Conclusion. An increase in light does not always lead to a similar increase in yield. Not just light is important for plants, it is important to correctly assess its productivity and spectral composition. The problem of assessing illumination taking into account the real interaction of light with the plant exists and must be solved.

Relevance. In Siberia, sweet pepper is grown both in the open and in the protected ground. For a short Siberian summer, it is important to have varieties adapted to the local bioclimatic potential: early ripening, for obtaining valuable products in the middle of summer, and the possibility of conducting seed production. The priority direction is the creation of varieties that are resistant to abiotic and biotic environmental factors, with high yield, product quality, and high vitamin C content.Materials and methods. The research was carried out in film unheated greenhouses and in the open ground at the West Siberian Vegetable Experimental Station-a branch of the Federal Research Center for Vegetable Growing. The material for research was collected, selected samples, varieties of pepper.Results and discussion. Breeding work on the culture of sweet pepper at the West Siberian Vegetable Experimental Station was started in the late 60s of the last century, active work – in the early 90s. The conditions of the sharply continental climate, with its mild frost-free period, require the creation of varieties capable of obtaining a commercial pepper crop, despite the negative impact of biofactors. The use of precocious varieties gives a guaranteed harvest by avoiding early autumn frosts. Breeding for precocity is one of the main directions of Siberian breeding. Over the years of selection, models of future varieties were created, more than 20 varieties of sweet pepper of various varietal types were created. The varieties obtained at the station all belong to the early-maturing group, with a period from germination to the first fruit harvest-98-116 days, a height of 40-80 cm during the fruiting period, compact, suitable for growing without a garter to the trellis. As a result of a comprehensive assessment of the initial breeding material, donors of economically valuable traits were selected, the inclusion of which in the breeding process contributed to the creation of a number of precocious pepper varieties of various variety types. The created varieties have a high biological potential in terms of adaptability, productivity, and biochemical parameters. Suitable for growing in various production sectors.

Relevance. Tomato is one of the most spreaded vegetable cultures in Khabarovsk Territory. Presence of the favourable weather conditions in the region, high ecological plasticity of tomato sorts promote the tomato cultivation in open and protected ground everywhere and in large areas. The main cause of crop failure or large losses of tomatoes in the Far East is a complex, unpredictable, not meeting anywhere else in Russia the monsoon climate causing a strong waterlogging observed almost every year in July-August, the period of the main tomato harvest forming. Such weather conditions promote the development of main diseases of the solanaceous cultures, and their most aggressive races often appear. Therefore a high natural infectious background and a sharply variable hydrothermal regime are the main limiting factors in the cultivation of tomatoes in the Khabarovsk Territory.Methods. Work on the creation of a new variety with the given parameters was started in 2007 by conducting intervarietal crossings between Volgogradsky 5/95 and Zarya Vostoka varieties, followed by multiple selections against a natural infectious background. The early ripening variety of Zarya Vostoka is a local selection variety, was used in the breeding process as an early maturity donor, and Volgogradsky 5/95, a stem type of plant. The main method of breeding work to create new varieties of tomato was analytical with continuous selection. All the necessary phenological, biometric and phytopathological observations and counts according to methods generally accepted in this culture. The purpose of our research was to create a new strain tomato variety with a short period of vegetation, forming the harvest of fruit before the appearance and spread of the disease and high productive potential.Results. This publication presents the information about the new local tomato sort Galant. This sort was received by inter-sort hybridization between the stem sort Volgogradsky 5/95 and local early ripening sort Zarya Vostoka. The sort was selected as a result long-term selection on the natural infectious background with the assessment by progeny of promising lines for a complex of morpho-biological and economically valuable traits in monsoon climate conditions of Priamurye. The new sort is different from other studied non-district and local sorts by fastripeness, high productivity, resistance to main diseases and also by stem type of plant.

The most part of tomatoes cultivated in Astrakhan oblast are transported in industrial centers of Russian Federation. Introduction of new cultivars suitable for mechanized harvesting and transportation has a considerable significance for tomato production in Nizhniye Povolzhye, and consequently, increases the profitability of vegetable production. At All-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable, Melon and Ground Growing several new-bred tomato cultivars passed the trial test, and thus, were shown to meet all requirements for upto-date agricultural technology.Two tomato cultivars 'Bokserskiy' and 'Klasicheskiy' were bred on the base of experimental data. These cultivars exceeded the standard 'Moriyana' in yield capacity, fruit weight, and had nearly equal biochemical composition. According to results obtained, it was shown that the fruits of cultivars 'Bokserskiy' and 'Klassicheskiy' were suitable for mechanized harvesting and long distance transportation.

Relevance. Black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) occupies an important place in amateur gardening of the Komi Republic as an economically valuable crop. There is no doubt that it is possible and necessary to develop berry growing in the Komi Republic, to meet the needs of the population in multivitamin products through local production of berries. The purpose of the paper was to study the economically useful traits of varieties cultivated in the North in the conditions of the middle subzone of the taiga. Winter hardiness, phenological phases, productivity, large-fruitedness (berry weight), biochemical composition of berries were analyzed.Methodology. The results of the study of six varieties of black currant in 2020–2022 are presented. Plants are nine to ten years old. The research was carried out according to the "Program and methodology for the study of variety of fruit, berry and nut crops" (1999). Currants are planted in rows according to the scheme 4 x 1.5.Results. As a result of the research, it was revealed that the studied varieties of black currant are promising for cultivation in the middle subzone of the taiga. In all studied varieties, vegetation was observed in the second-third decade of April. The beginning of flowering was observed in the middle of the second – the end of the third decade of May, 25–39 days after the beginning of the growing season. The beginning of fruit ripening was noted in the first-second decades of July, 48-52 days after the start of the flowering. Mass ripening of berries was noted in the middle of the second – the end of the third decade of July, and the middle of the second-first decade of August for “Lazy” variety. During the study period, the vegetation of black currant ended in the second decade of October, with the onset of temperatures below 5°C. The duration of the vegetation period over the years of research was above the norm and equaled 169-185 days. The productivity of black currant varieties was 1.16-1.79 kg per bush. All varieties are characterized by large fruits (berries) weighing 1.02-1.66 g. A biochemical analysis of frozen berries of blackcurrant varieties for 2021-2022 was carried out regarding the content of ascorbic acid, sugars, acidity, solids. The maximum content of ascorbic acid was noted in “Vologda” variety – 97.68 mg%. The highest sugar-acid index was in “Bagira” variety – 3.5. All the varieties have a high content of dry matter in berries: 18.04-20.38%. Overall, the varieties of black currant under study suit for cultivation in the middle subzone of the taiga.

Relevance. Dagestan is a zone of prosperous agriculture, distinguished by the abundance of heat, sun and irrigation in the plain zone. Tomatoes occupy a special place among vegetable crops in the world, including in the Republic of Dagestan. Determinant varieties are now the most common in the production of tomatoes, especially in the open ground. The main areas of specialized cultivation of tomatoes in the open ground are concentrated in the Kizlyar and Derbent districts of plain Dagestan. In these areas, there are high average daily temperatures for the formation and ripening of tomato fruits in excess, which is favorably reflected in the overall productivity of the bushes. Whereas in the foothills of Dagestan, insufficient heat resources do not allow growing tomato varieties with a long growing season. In the foothill part of the republic there is a large labor-resource potential, vegetable growing, as a labor-intensive type of agribusiness, acts as a sphere of employment for a significant part of the rural population. The demand for tomato varieties with a short growing season in this part of the republic is great.Methods. The research was carried out on the basis of the Tersko Sulak subprovincion of the FGBNU of the FANC RD of the Kizlyar district. The soil of the experimental site is alluvial-meadow, medium-saline, medium loamy in mechanical composition. Agrotechnics is generally accepted in the Republic of Dagestan for tomato culture.Results. The method for the study was the new semi-stamp cultivars of FGBNU FNCO (VNIISSOK) selection: Fakel (counter), Blagodatny, Viking, Voskhod VNIISSOKa, Magnat, Severyanka, Sodruzhestvo, Perst, Patrice. According to the maturation dates, the samples were divided into three groups: very early – Severyanka, Blagodatny, Magnat, Voskhod VNIISSOK (97-100 days); early – Patrice, Viking, Perst (102-105 days); middle-early – Sodruzhestvo, Fakel (111-114 days). According to the type of bush, we have identified 5 ordinary and semi-lamb samples with a height of no more than 78 cm. Two samples had a height of 50-53 cm (Patrice, Perst) and an average fetal weight of 72 and 60 g. Three samples had a height of 70, 71, 72 cm (Voskhod VNIISSOKa, Blagodatny, Sodruzhestvo) and an average fetal weight of 107, 110, 130 g. According to the output of gross output, the best indicators were of the following varieties: Blagodatny – 86.3; Voskhod VNIISSOKa – 82.7; Sodruzhestvo – 77.6 t/ha; Patrice – 68.2 t/ha. The following grades had  a high yield of marketable products: Voskhod VNIISSOKa, Patrice – 92%; Blagodatny – 91%; Perst – 90%. The varieties also have a relatively high dry matter index of 5.3-6.4%.

Physalis commonly known as the husk tomato is an important vegetable crop in the diets of many nations. Their fruits are used in the making of chilli sauce, jams, candied fruits, pickles and dressing for popular dishes. Fruits can be marinated and added to the cucumber, tomato, cabbage, apple, pear, plum for canning. Boiled fruit of Physalis is used to prepare fillings and decorations for cakes. The number of fruits set is variable. The lateral and sub-lateral branches produce more flower buds, but they do not produce harvestable fruits. The elimination of sub-lateral branches would be very important for restricting fruit set. The ‘Lakomka’ variety produces 53 commercial fruits, but only 22 of them reach biological maturity (41.5%). Such traits as “number of fruits per plant” and “average fruit weight" vary substantially Cv = 36.98% and Cv = 33.5%, respectively. At the same time, in the variety ‘Lakomka’ weight of matured fruits on plant (1.76kg) is 73.3% at the total fruit weight -2.4 kg. This is because of the weight of one ripened fruit on the plants that is greater than not ripened one. The same results we observed in the cultivars ‘L–Fioletovy’ and ‘Lejkiy’. Weight of ripened fruits on the plant is about 50% from the total weight in the varieties ‘Lacomka’ and ‘Korolyok’. The "number of fruits per plant” and “average fruit weight” were the most stable in varieties ‘Konditer’, ‘Lacomka 2’ and ‘Lejkiy’. Totally, 320-450 seeds are developed in the fruit, where productivity reaches to 7.4-15.5 g/plant, depending on the variety. Tomatillo is genetically highly variable. To become a viable commercial crop, it will be necessary to develop plants with uniform fruit size and to breed a determinant plant type suitable for mechanical harvesting with most of fruits maturing simultaneously on the plant.

Relevance. The State Register of agricultural crops recommended for sowing on the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan includes 47 hybrids and varieties of sweet pepper. Of these, 8 varieties and one F1 hybrid of domestic selection and 31 F1 hybrids of foreign selection (State Register, 2021). However, many of them, especially those of foreign selection, do not meet the requirements of the local market and are not adapted to local climatic conditions. In this regard, a preliminary test of varieties and hybrids included in the State Register, as well as F1 hybrids offered by foreign producers, was carried out in order to identify the most promising varieties for the conditions of the Central zone of Uzbekistan.Material and research methods. A preliminary tests included 20 varieties and F1 hybrids: 7 varieties and 1 hybrid F1 of domestic selection, 2 varieties and 10 F1 hybrids of foreign selection. The experiments were laid on the experimental base of the Research Institute of Plant Genetic Resources.Results. As a result of a comprehensive assessment of 20 varieties and hybrids of F1 sweet pepper, promising samples were identified for both breeding and industrial use. The sources of early maturity can be the Abai and Claudio hybrids, with the duration of the period "seedlings - biological ripeness of fruits" 97-99 days. To create large-fruited varieties in breeding work, F1 hybrids should be used: Procraft, Dallas, Magno, Claudio, Gemini and Zumrad variety. For breeding thick-walled and very thick-walled varieties and hybrids, the varieties Dar Tashkenta, Sabo, Nargiza, Lastochka, Podarok Moldova, Shodlik, Zumrad, etc., as well as F1 hybrids Procraft, Cadia should be used. High total (43.0-54.1 t/ha) and marketable (40.1-50.5 t/ha) yield was noted in hybrids F1. The most promising hybrids are Cadia, Procraft, Magno, Dallas with a total yield of 50.1-54.1 t/ha, against 47.5 t/ha for the F1 Zhaikhun standard. The total and marketable yield of the tested varieties was significantly lower compared to hybrids F1 and amounted to 33.5-38.6 and 30.7-35.7 t/ha, respectively.

Relevance. One of the dynamically developing areas of the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Dagestan is vegetable growing of protected ground. This is facilitated by natural and climatic conditions, the availability of markets for products, and the interest of vegetable producers in expanding greenhouse areas. The area of greenhouses today exceeds 230 hectares. The lack of science-based technology, the lack of promising hybrids, due to the lack of study of the topic of growing and selecting varieties of vegetable crops in protected ground in the conditions of Flat and foothill Dagestan, greenhouse farms bear significant losses. The quantity and quality of the greenhouse tomato crop largely depends on the well-chosen varieties (hybrids) of tomato, the timing of seed sowing and seedling planting.Methods. Experimental work was carried out in the greenhouse of LLC Agro-AS. The selection and evaluation of tomato hybrids for cultivation in film greenhouses in the winter-spring turnover were carried out. The control is the Tiwai 12 F1. The optimal time for sowing seeds and planting seedlings in the substrate for winter-spring turnover of film greenhouses was determined.Results. The characteristic of promising hybrids for growing in winter and spring turnover is given. The results of the dynamics of crop yield by month are presented. The influence of sowing and planting times on the duration of the growing season and the yield of tomatoes is shown. The optimal scheme of sowing and planting tomatoes in the conditions of winter and spring turnover is determined. Data on the economic efficiency of the studied planting dates are presented. The prospects of growing the studied hybrids in this region are indicated.