Relevance. Maintaining the phytosanitary condition of vegetable and melon crops is an important component in the technologies of cultivation of new and promising varieties and hybrids, since losses from diseases of various etiologies reach 30% or more. This determines the need for immunological studies of the resistance of vegetable and melon crops to phytopathogens of various etiologies, where the basis of the strategy for creating new varieties and hybrids is the joint work of a breeder and a phytopathologist. To do this, it is important to conduct an annual study of the species composition in order to identify new harmful objects that have a negative impact on the profitability of production, as well as to develop measures to protect vegetable crops from the most harmful and economically significant pests and diseases.Methodology and Results. The extensive experimental network of the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center (FSBSI FSVC) in various ecological and geographical zones allows testing varieties and hybrids of vegetable and melon crops in various soil and climatic conditions, including evaluating them for the most harmful phytopathogens in these regions. This review article briefly highlights the main stages of the history of development and current trends in phytopathological research in Russia and our center. The most significant achievements of scientists of the FSBSI FSVC are presented, aimed at a comprehensive study of the current state of populations of pathogens on vegetable and melon crops, resistance factors controlling the interaction of organisms in pathosystems, including genetic ones, optimization and development of new methodological approaches in breeding for immunity and scientific justification of recommended modern protection systems.

The results of the selection work of the Primorsky vegetable experimental station, work in the field of seed production of vegetable crops are presented, the characteristics of the negative processes occurring in the arable soils of the region and their removal by the developed ridgeridge technology of cultivation by technical means with a wide base are given. A comparative characteristic of the former and the wide-row version in terms of energy consumption and fuel consumption is givenAuthors´ Contribution: All authors contributed to the planning and setting up the experiment, aswell as in the analysis of experimental data and writing of the article.Based on the results of the selection work of the Primorsky Vegetable Experimental Station for the period 1993-2023, the station bred and released 56 varieties and hybrids of 19 main vegetable crops. The experience of the Primorsky branch of the Federal scientific vegetable center allows organizing production at a modern level, taking into account the rich experience of other regions of Russia. In conditions of monsoon climate and soils of heavy granulometric composition, with a general lack of heat, their fertility is negatively affected by a large number of external factors. To grow vegetables, a set of measures is needed for serious drainage and irrigation reclamation (creation of polder systems with the laying of systematic plastic drainage) against the backdrop of ridge-ridge cultivation technology, fine irrigation system). The developed wide-cut technology and a set of machines make it possible to introduce a resource-saving technology that saves energy costs and fuel.

Introduction. The development of ideas about the influence of the light environment - the radiation spectrum, intensity and duration of exposure, on the physiology of plants, serves as the basis for the creation of effective light sources for protected ground.Purpose. Comparative test of the influence of a light environment with different spectral composition on the productivity and quality of tomatoes in conditions of intensive photo culture.Methods. Investigations were made under controlled conditions of intensive photoculture when growing dwarf tomatoes of the variety Natasha selections of the “Federal Scientific Vegetable Center” on thin-layer soil analogs with the supply of a nutrient solution to the plant roots through a slit capillary in vegetative light installations developed at the ARI. The light sources were high-pressure sodium lamps and LED lamps SD1, SD2, and SD3 with different emission spectra. Results. Tomatoes of the Natasha variety, illuminated during development with HPS lamps, formed almost the same yield with an average fruit weight of 42.5 kg/m2 per layer per year. Natasha tomato grown under LED lamps showed a tendency to lower productivity by 29% under SD1 and by 8% under SD2 and higher by 19% under underSD3 compared to that under HPS lamps. A comparative assessment of the biochemical composition of tomato fruits indicates their high quality under all tested light sources.Conclusion. Cultivation of dwarf tomato varieties on thin-layer soil analogs showed the best results in terms of productivity with good quality plant products under LED lamps SD3 with a radiation spectrum close to sunlight.

Relevance. New technologies Plenty-type in greenhouse vegetable production is wide spread in some countries of Europe, America, South-East Asia and support with main investors of these countries. Project “Vertical farming” was started in FSBSI “Federal Scientific Vegetable Center” at 2010. The goal of our study is the results of the testing plants Apiaceae family at multy circle hydroponic installation using the natural regulators from glycosides class.Materials and methods. Objects of study: plants Apiaceae family – Coriandrum sativum L. (variety Jubilar), Anethum graveolens L. (variety Rusich), Apium graveolens L. (variety Aeliksir); flavonoid glycoside linarozid from plants Linaria vulgaris Mill. L., steroid glycoside moldstim from seeds Capsicum annuum L.. Methods of study: seed treatment with 0,001% water solutions of glycosides, cultivation of plants Apiaceae family at the multi circle hydroponic construction.Results. First experiment by cultivation of plants Apiaceae family at multi circle hydroponic construction was successful and show, that plants Apiaceae family can cultivate at vertical installations Plenty-type. Reaction on the seed treatment with water solutions of glycosides is depended on the species of plants. Seed treatment with glycosides increased height of plants and weight of leaves of Coriandrum sativum L. Anethum graveolens L. increased germination of seeds after seed treatment with water solution of linarozide. Apium graveolens L. increased germination of seeds, height of plants and weight of leaves after seed treatment with water solutions of glycosides. But water solution of moldstim was more effective in 2020, and water solution of linarozide was more effective in 2021.

The article is devoted to the problem of obtaining regenerative plant varieties of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Bouquet, Emerald, Chameleon (FSBSI Federal Scientific Vegetable Center). Salad culture is insensitive to in vitro conditions and requires the development of alternative regeneration conditions. Seeds were surface sterilized in 96% ethanol (30 s), then 15 minutes in 50% aqueous solution of "Whiteness" with the addition of Twin-20 (1 drop per 100 ml), washed three times in sterile distilled water. Then lettuce seeds were placed in Petri dishes on Gamborg B5 medium (2% sucrose, 3,0 g/l fitogeli). After 10 days, the obtained seedlings were cut, the leaf blades were cut into squares 1 cm in size and transferred to medium MS B5 (2% sucrose) with three variants of hormone concentrations: 0.1 mg/l NAA and 1 mg/l BAP, 1 mg/l NAA and 1 mg/l BAP, 1 mg/l NAA and 0.1 mg/l BAP. The formed shoots were rooted on MS medium (2% sucrose, 7,0 g/l agar). Cultivation was carried out on racks with fluorescent lamps at 25°C and a photoperiod of 14 hours, illumination of 2,5 thousand Lux. According to the results of studies, the concentration of hormones (0,1 mg/l NAA, 1 mg/l BAP) was selected, which allowed to obtain up to 10 shoots from one leaf explant. Moreover, the largest number of shoots was noted on leaf explants located closer to the veins of the sheet. The obtained data allowed to improve the system of regeneration of varieties of emerald lettuce, Bouquet and Chameleon.

Relevance. When creating tomato varieties and hybrids, much attention is paid not only to the commercial component (yield, appearance and uniform ripening), but also to the taste qualities of the products. Salad tomato varieties with yellow, tangerine, and pink fruits are increasingly in demand. As a rule, these fruits do not store for a long time, so it is necessary to increase their storability and transportability. Fruits of this group of tomatoes have high antioxidant activity, which is due not only to the significant content of water-soluble antioxidants (such as ascorbic acid), but also carotenoids. The preservation of fruit largely depends on the dry matter content.The aim of investigation is to study biochemical parameters of tangerine tomatoes fruits under different ripening conditions.Materials and methods. Plants were grown in the greenhouse of Federal Scientific Vegetable Center. Biochemical characteristics of tomato fruits were studied during harvesting and after laying for storage in the milky ripeness phase according to the following indicators: dry matter, ascorbic acid, total content of water-soluble antioxidants, titratable acidity, monosaccharides, polyphenols and carotenoids.Results. The percentage of dry matter in tangerine tomato fruits does not change during storage, even increases slightly. The dry matter content of fruits from the open field is slightly higher than that of fruits from the greenhouse. The content of sugars and ascorbic acid in fruits with tangerine fruits after laying for ripening decreases slightly. However, the content of these compounds is higher in mature fruits immediately after picking than in fruits after ripening. The total content of antioxidants during ripening decreases, though not significantly (in 1.1-1.7 times).

One of valuable spice-aromatic vegetable of Lamiaceae family is lemony monarda (Monarda citriodora L.) cultivated as nonperennial crop in most of regions of Russian Federation. Information regarding its parentage and biological special aspects are described here in this article. Brief review regarding nutritional quality and pharmaceutical importance as well as description of four cultivars of lemony monarda (which are currently included to Russian State register of selection invention and approved for usage, two of these cultivars Mona Lisa and Simka were selected and cultivated by Federal Scientific Vegetable Center are given here in this article. Main directions for up-to-date selection and application and practical usage of lemony monarda were indicated. In the field of creation of up-to-date vegetable cultivars, one of the main directions is selection of such a cultivars with high content of biologically active compounds for improvement of antioxidative activity and applicability for its cultivation at hydroponic plant with frame area to provide fresh green vegetables for people all year round. Simka cultivar meets requirements mentioned above and can be cultivated at various types of hydroponic plants including horizontal (salad lines, seedling tables) and vertical (multilayer hydroponics) types using natural (drag turf) or artificial (mineral wool blocks) substrates. This article also describes the main elements of technology of cultivation of lemony monarda in the open and protected ground to get green products and seed production. The features of the preparation of raw materials with a high content of biologically active compounds for fresh consumption and as a spicy-aromatic dry seasoning for salads, meat dishes, as a natural preservative and aromatic of jam, tea and other drinks are shown.

Relevance. Large differences in the climatic conditions by the region Altai by years determine the prevalence and harmfulness of diseases, therefore, monitoring by the dynamics of disease development and assessing their harmfulness are relevant and necessary measures. An important role in modern plant protection technologies against diseases play biofungicides. The main advantages of biofungicides as compared with chemical plant protection products are safety for humans and the environment, short waiting times and the possibility of use throughout the growing season, the absence by risks of the emergence of resistant pathogens, the creation of conditions for the natural self–regulation of agrocenoses.Materials and Methods. The research was carried out in 2018-2020 on the fields of the West Siberian Vegetable Experimental Station of the branch of the West-Siberian vegetable experimental station – branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Vegetable Center». In the experiment was used the F1 hybrid Nezhinsky of Siberia. Accounting of the phytosanitary condition of crops were carried out in three periods with the determination by the degree of spread and the degree of development of the disease. Studied were the doses and timing of the use of biological preparations Phytolavin and Phytoplasmin in the fight against cucumber bacteriosis during the growing season. The repeatability of the experience was 4-fold, the placement of plots in 4 tiers, the area of the plot was 10 m2 , the accounting area was 3 m2 . The total area were 0.05 hectares.Results. The applicationof drugs Phytolavin (2 l/ha), Phytoplasmin (3 l/ha), promotes to reduce the pace of development of development of bacterial spotting of cucumber in the open ground. The least development of the disease was noted by using the drugs Phytolavin 2 l/ha, Phytoplasmin 3 l/ha, Phytolavin 2 l/ha, with alternation and an interval of 14 days. By the influence of bactericidal treatments against bacterial spotting of cucumber, a higher weight of seed fruits was obtained in all variants compared to the control. The best result – 11.96% to the control was obtained on the variant by using the preparations Phytolavin 2 l/ha, Phytoplasmin 3 l/ha with alternation.

Relevance. Doubled haploids (DH-plants) are excellent material for genetic research and breeding due to their complete homozygosity. The genus Raphanus from the Brassicaceae family is the toughest to produce doubled haploid plants through isolated microspore culture in vitro (IMC). The study of the causes of disturbed root formation and the development of elements of this stage of technology will significantly increase the effectiveness of the IMC technology for European radish.Methods. The study included three varieties from the collection of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Vegetable Center (FSBSI FSVC): Teplichny Gribovsky, Rozovo-krasniy s belim konchikom and Rhodes. The experiments used a standard protocol for obtaining DH plants using IMC technology in a standard form and with a modification of the rooting stage. The solid MS medium (with agar 7g/L): MS without hormones, MS medium supplemented with IAA at concentrations of 0.5; 1 and 2 mg / L and liquid MSm medium supplemented with 0.1 mg / L kinetin were used for rooting of regenerated plants. All media were supplemented with 20 g/L sucrose. We used three types of techniques for transplanting plant explants onto a solid hormonefree MS medium: planting micro-shoots with their basal part immersed by 2-3 mm into the medium; planting in a well made in a nutrient medium using tweezers under sterile conditions; and landing on the surface of the medium without embedment.Results. In this work, we studied the features of the stage of rooting of regenerated European radish plants in vitro conditions. The transplant technique has been proven to be important for the successful establishment of radish micro-shoots. Plant explants must be planted strictly on the surface of a solid hormone-free nutrient medium MS, without embedment. The use of tubes with bridges made of filter paper and MSm liquid medium with the addition of 0.1 mg/L kinetin for the induction of root formation also showed high efficiency. For plants prone to the formation of root-like structures (RLS) with secondary tumors (ST), multiple dissection of abnormal formations with successive transplants is necessary. Modification at the rooting stage of micro-shoots growing has increased the percentage of successfully adapted DH plants in vivo conditions from 0-14% to 95-98%.

The traditional production of linear material  and hybrids in the selection of red beet is a time-consuming,  long-term process due to the two -  year cycle of plant development, self-and cross-incompatibility,  inbred depression. Significantly  reduce the life cycle of the plant allows the vernalization  at different stages  of  development, including during  the  "steckling". Cultivation  of plants with the use of steckling culture in the selection of red beet has not yet found wide application and has not been studied enough, in this regard, in 2009-2018 on the basis of the Federal  State Budgetary  Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Vegetable Center”. The material of the study was inbred offspring I1-5, which were studied in several series of independent  experiments using different schemes of growing stecklings and roots (one-year and biennial  cycles).  It is shown that the use of culture of steckling and protected ground for breeding schemes to create lines of red beet is advisable, as it accelerates the  process of  evaluating the  heterogeneity of inbred progenies for earliness, index, root, the manifestation of cytoplasmic  sterility, and also allows you to get a wider range of different  inbred forms due to the high variability  in the offspring. The probability of a valuable fully-sterile ms-forms  higher in the group of early maturing plants with a large mass stecklings and promising self-compatibility  mf-lines - among small fractions of mid and late inbred offspring. The continuous use of steckling culture should be recommended only for the preliminary evaluation  of breeding  material on sign of cytoplasmic sterility, followed by the reproduction of selected promising inbred offspring in the open field ("halves method"),  and at later stages of  the breeding process as a  rapid assessment of crossing combinations on sign of cytoplasmic sterility when checking mf-forms on the fixing ability. The alternation  of the culture of stecklings with the traditional biennial cycle of culture in conjunction with the techniques of recurrent selection and use of different backgrounds  (field, greenhouse),  can improve the performance of the selection and get aligned according to the main economic-important  signs of promising inbred offspring in a shorter period of time.