Relevance. Among the factors of increasing the productivity and quality of cultivated plants, the correct organization and timely implementation of the fight against harmful organisms is of great importance. At the same time, a special place is occupied by quarantine measures. No less important is the timely detection and destruction of quarantine organisms, their localization and elimination in isolated centers of infection.Methods. The methods for registration testing of pesticides in terms of biological effectiveness (VIZR) and of studying the bioecological features of the tomato leaf miner, adopted by the Scientific Council of the National Institute of Plant Protection and Technical Cultures of the Republic of Azerbaijan, was applied.Results. In the conditions of the South Caucasus in the Republic of Azerbaijan, the biology of the tomato leaf miner, the degree of development, the prevalence and the harmfulness of the insect pest have been studied in detail for the first time. The reasons for the rapid spread of the pest are indicated, the conditions are favorable to it. Listed agrotechnical measures that reduce the population of the pest and measures of biological and chemical control. Employees of the Institute of plant protection and technical crops and the Azerbaijan State Agrarian University have developed a set of measures for monitoring, prevention and pest control, thanks to which it is possible to control the number of pests.

Relevance. Cucumber green mottled mosaic virus (CGMMV) is a highly specialized virus (group Tobamovirus). It is a significant threat to cucurbits. On a high infectious background, cucumber yield losses, both in open and protected ground, can be close to 100%. The spread of the virus occurs in many ways. The most dangerous is the infected seed material. One of the effective methods of preventing CGMMV is the creation of genetically resistant hybrids to viral diseases. An experiment was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the use of the marker F295 for the selection of resistant samples.Results. When comparing the results of determining resistance against an artificial background and the results of PCR analysis for the same samples, we calculated the efficiency of the genetic marker F295, which was 65%. Since the level of effectiveness is average, for a more objective assessment, it is necessary to create another – the main marker, which will determine the direct presence of resistance to CGMMV. The use of the F295 marker is relevant in combination with other methods for deter[1]mining resistance, which will speed up and increase the efficiency of the breeding process.

The main limiting factor in the development of the vegetable growing industry is the low technical level of vegetable cultivation. It should be noted that many works in domestic breeding, as well as in seed production of vegetable crops, are carried out manually. The decrease in the share of Russian varieties in the market of seed material of vegetable crops is largely due to the fact that the technological level and technical equipment of most originating institutions of Russian varieties are simply not comparable with the level of modern Western European breeding and seed production centers and companies that seek to increase the supply of seed material to the Russian market. One of the significant factors in increasing the efficiency of vegetable production is the use of highly efficient agricultural machinery and equipment. At the moment, there are no machines for performing the main operations of cultivating vegetable products in Russia, and the available agricultural machines for vegetable producers are on the verge of physical wear and tear and have long ago exhausted their depreciation resource. The existing foreign analogues presented on the Russian market do not fully meet the agrotechnical requirements imposed by Russian farmers on foreign-made machines. Based on the analysis of the technical support of the vegetable growing industry in the Russian Federation, the need for commodity producers in modern hightech complexes of machines for the production of vegetable crops is economically determined based on the total sown area of vegetable crops. The results of the statistical studies carried out made it possible to assess the current state of agricultural engineering for the production of the required number of machines for vegetable growing. The increase in sown (planting) areas and the expected increase in the production of the main types of crop products against the background of a decrease in the availability of agricultural machinery contributes to an increase in the load per unit of equipment and creates risks of a decrease in the level of agricultural mechanization. Currently, low volumes of domestic seed production are associated, among other things, with the low level of technical equipment of breeding and seed-growing organizations with specialized machines and equipment.

One of the most widespread and economically significant diseases of beet crop is phomosis also known as zonal spotting of beet. The disease causative agent affects plants at different ontogenesis stages; it leads to significant yield losses. The research was conducted to study the spread and harmfulness level of phomosis agent (Phoma betae Frank) in modern conditions of the Moscow region and to assess the resistance of linear beetroot material to this disease in vivo and in vitro. The work was carried out in 2017–2023 at the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center (Moscow region, Odintsovo district). Phytomonitoring of the development of storage diseases has revealed an increase in the prevalence and aggressiveness of phomosis, especially in the period from 2020 to 2022, by 30% and 20%, respectively, compared to the previous period (2017–2019). The selection for resistance to phomosis was carried out under varying in vivo infectious loads in different research years. It resulted in reducing the number of susceptible lines from 14 to 4%. Immunological assessment of in vitro resistance of individual genotypes of selected lines to the most aggressive isolates of Ph. betae agent showed sufficiently high resistance compared to susceptibility standard 'Bordo odnosemiannaya'; the affected disc areas averaged 73 and 165 mm3, respectively. In the offspring of resistant genotypes selected after immunological evaluation, a decrease in phomosis prevalence (no more than 10%) and a change in the population structure, were observed: there was a shift of the main peak of distribution curves of root crops according to the intensity of disc damage by an aggressive isolate of Ph. betae towards resistant genotypes. Such an integrated approach resulted in obtaining three isogenic pairs of ms- and mf-lines (A and B) and eight paternal pollinator lines (C) of beetroot with stably high resistance to phomosis. They will be used to develop new hybrids based on cytoplasmic male sterility. | Одной из наиболее распространенных и экономически значимых болезней на культуре свеклы столовой является фомоз, возбудитель которого поражает растения на разных стадиях онтогенеза, приводя к значительным потерям урожая. Исследования проводили с целью изучения распространения и уровня вредоносности возбудителя фомоза (Phoma betae Frank) в современных условиях Московской области и оценки устойчивости к данной болезни линейного материала свеклы столовой в условиях in vivo и in vitro. Работу выполняли в ФГБНУ "Федеральный научный центр овощеводства" (Московская область, Одинцовский район) в 2017–2022 гг. В результате проведенного фитомониторинга развития болезней хранения отмечено нарастание распространенности и агрессивности фомоза, особенно в период с 2020 по 2022 гг., на 30 и 20% соответственно по сравнению с предыдущим периодом исследований (2017–2019). Отбор на устойчивость к фомозу вели в условиях различающейся инфекционной нагрузки in vivo в различные годы исследований. В результате удалось снизить число восприимчивых линий с 14 до 4%. Иммунологическая оценка устойчивости in vitro индивидуальных генотипов отобранных линий к наиболее агрессивным изолятам возбудителя Ph. betae показала их достаточно высокую устойчивость относительно стандарта восприимчивости сорта Бордо односемянная; объем зоны поражения дисков в среднем составил 73 и 165 мм3 соответственно. В потомствах устойчивых генотипов, отобранных после иммунологической оценки, отмечено снижение распространенности фомоза (не более 10%) и изменение в структуре популяций со смещением основного пика кривых распределения корнеплодов по интенсивности поражения дисков агрессивным изолятом Ph. betae в сторону устойчивых генотипов. В результате комплексного подхода получены три изогенных пары ms- и mf- линий (А и В) и восемь отцовских линий-опылителей (С) свеклы столовой со стабильно высокой устойчивостью к фомозу. Они будут использованы для создания новых гибридов на основе цитоплазматической мужской стерильности.