In the present study, two molecular biology tools based on DNA were compared in the differentiating between some microbial strains isolated from soil. Two types (16SrRNA and 18SrRNA) of ribosomal RNA genes were used for identification of the four bacterial and three fungal isolates, respectively. The identified microbial isolates were submitted in GenBank as strains of Escherichia coli MSL-19 (LC455952.1); Bacillus sp. MSLB-1 (LC455953.1); Bacillus sp. MSLB2 (LC455954.1); Bacillus sp. MSLB3 (LC455955.1); Penicillium sp. MLSP1 (LC455956.1); Aspergillus niger MLSAs1 (LC455958.1); Aspergillus sp. MLSAs2 (LC455959.1). The DNA obtained from the seven microbial strains was used as templates for RAPDPCR differentiating in the presence of eight random primers. Electrophoresis analysis was performed, and on scoring, the identity percentages between the bacterial and fungal strains were separately analyzed. A percentage of 82-83% was recorded between the E. coli and the three Bacillus strains, while, identities of 93-98% were recorded between the three Bacillus strains. Similar trend (90-96%) was observed between the Penicillium and Aspergillus strains. Results confirmed that identities based on the two ribosomal RNA genes (82-98%) was higher than that of RAPD-PCR (70.0-79.7%), and this is because of ribosomal RNA genes are in limited sizes (~1500-1600 bp) and specific for differentiating species, while RAPD-PCR tool depends on using some random primers could be recorded on the whole genome. The phylogenetic trees based on the two molecular  tools supported the obtained results. As a conclusion, tools of RAPD-PCR and ribosomal RNA genes were successfully used to identify and detect the genetic variability of microbial strains isolated from soil.

The aim of this work is developing and evaluating an automated measurement and system datalogger for continuous monitoring of solar hot air drier for natural convection solar cabinet drier. Measurements includes monitoring of drying process for sliced Banana (Musa acuminata) relation to weather parameters such as ambient air temperature, relative humidity and wind velocity which ensures precise measurements and reproduction of experiments. An electronic measurement system was used for measurement of temperature, humidity, air speed, a solar intensity. A programmable microcontroller ship and code were used to control measurement, timing, and data storage twenty-four hours/day. All measurements data was collected and saved in storage memory card. Results showed that the solar drier drying rate achieved (-0.018gH2O/g dm.h), while the drying rate with mean of electrical thermal drier were  (-0.956 018gH2O/gdm.h) at 105°C, (-0.552 018gH2O/g dm.h) at 70°C and (-0.513 018gH2O/gdm.h) at 50°C. The electronic measurement - datalogging system was able to give an accurate measurement and assessment to the drying system and process. It was found that air leakage from the system and poor insulation inhibit the airflow over the solar absorber plate and drying chamber causing thermal leakage form the bottom and drier sides. It was recommended to supply the solar drier with an air fan, seal the drying air leakage, and air-lock at the entrance to control airflow as well as the temperature of the drying process.

In the present study, a trail to evaluate of Newcastle Disease (ND) antibodies levels after different vaccination programs was conducted on layer chickens. A total of 200 one day-old layer chicks (White Lohmann) were divided into five groups A, B, C, D and E. Birds in groups A, B and C were vaccinated with live vaccine by intraocular, intranasal and drinking water methods , respectively. On the other hand, groups D and E were kept as unvaccinated control groups. Vaccination performed at days 5, 18 and 28 by different routes for mentioned groups. Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods were used for assessment of antibodies titer at days 15, 25, 37 and 45. Results of HI and ELISA tests indicated that, the intranasal and the intraocular method have highest antibodies titers compared with the drinking water method. In this study, maternally derived antibodies specific to Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) (IgY) were extracted by dextran sulfate method from collected eggs of vaccinated laying chickens . Antibodies specific to NDV (IgY) were detected in the egg yolk using HI test  . Data revealed that antibodies specific to NDV (IgY) were presented in high titers that confer protection during early weeks of life for hatching chicks. Data concluded that extraction of maternally derived specific antibodies from egg yolk will facilitate accurate monitoring of ND vaccination programmes.

Forty-eight lactating Holstein Friesian cows were utilized to assess impact of supplementing probiotic ZAD (mixture of live bacterial cells and enzymes) compared with T5X (antitoxins product) on some productive, reproductive and antitoxins activity parameters. we have divided the animals to three experimental categories (16 each). The first category, control treatment, was fed basal diet without any supplements. The second category, ZAD treatment, was fed basal diet supplemented with ZAD probiotic (1.1 L/ton). The third category, T5X treatment, was fed basal diet supplemented with T5X antitoxins product (1.1 Kg/ton). Milk yield was recorded. we have collected and analyzed milk samples, blood samples and feed samples in order to constitutes. Time-interval between calving and fertilizing artificial insemination and pregnancy rate were recorded. The gained outcomes demonstrated that milk yield was significantly raised by ZAD treatment than other treatment. Milk components yield were significantly raised by ZAD probiotic and T5X treatments than control. Blood serum total protein, albumin, globulin, glucose, urea and total lipids were not significantly influenced by treatments. Total aflatoxins in concentrate mixture and aflatoxin M1 in milk were significantly diminished by ZAD and T5X than control. Number of days between calving and fertilized artificial insemination were diminished by treatments than control. Pregnancy rate was significantly raised by ZAD  probiotic than T5X and control treatments, respectively. The overall conclusion of this study illustrated that Probiotic ZAD, potentially, has antitoxins activity leading to reinforcing the productive and reproductive performance of lactating cows.

Moringa olifera Lam. which called "Miracle tree" was an enormous usage of medical, nutritional and economic benefits so its leaves and roots extracts were vitro examined for phytochemicals contents, antioxidant, and cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cell line. Leaves and roots both extracts were estimate using 2,2-di phenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to determine phenolic and flavonoids compounds. The leaves  aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts  contained a significantly (p<0.05) more phenolic compounds than root extracts, while roots ethyl acetate extracts were significantly more active  in DPPH assay comparing with aqueous extracts . However, the leaves aqueous extract and roots ethyl extracts were contained high values flavonoids compound but in case of phenolic compounds the aqueous roots ex tract recorded the greatest highest number followed by the leaves ethyl acetate extract. The ethyl acetate extractions for leaves and roots have a high inhibition percentage against breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cell line comparing with aqueous extracts.

This research amid to obtain identify the effect of low-quality water (gray water) (reused water after its nomination in the special filtration stations) on the performance analysis of the turf irrigation system. The Experiment was carried out at ELRhap site, the area under investigation was 450 m², it was divided into 6 plots, and the geometrical has 5 m × 15 m. Investigated variables were gray water and tap water plots were; have been while the investigated parameter was the percentage of the applied amounts of irrigation water with a percent of 100%; 85%; 75%. The response of plant growth landscaping parameters due to irrigation water types were color, length, density and its coverage on the after heads, the effect of gray water and fresh water on the turf irrigation system was compared through the study of (uniformity, Surface roughness, Clogging ratio, flow, pressure), of sprinklers during same the irrigation period.  Results of the applied could be summarized as followed. The Accumulative clogging ratio by using gray water was (1.50 – 1.56 – 1.6) % and tap water was (1.22 – 1.25 – 1.28) % at (100% - 85% - 75%) of quantity the water required for the plant. Illustrates in tap water turf quality rate was (8.50 – 8.00 – 8.00) for color, very good quality rate was (8.00 – 8.00 – 7.50) for density also very good ground cover quality rate was (8.00 – 7.50 -7.50). Meanwhile, illustrates in gray water turf quality rate was (8.50 – 8.50 – 8.00) for color, very good quality rate was (8.50 – 8.00 – 8.00) for density also very good ground cover quality rate was (8.00 – 8.00 – 7.50) at (100% - 85% - 75%) of quantity the water required for the plant. Surface roughness in the  main irrigation lines was measured after the use of gray water and tap water. The erosion was (17.93– 65.35) Mm and the sediments were (15.48 – 58.22) Mm in gray while the erosion of tap water was (10.45– 34.89) Mm and the sediments were (9.06– 45.22) Mm.

Variance components and genetic parameters for growth traits were estimated for Barki lambs using the average information REMLF90 (AIREMLF90). A total of 3205 Barki lambs’ records over the period from 1984 to 2017 from experimental Borg Al-Arab station belonging to Animal Production Research Institute (APRI) were analyzed by fitting Random Regression Model (RRM) with Legendre polynomials (LPs) for body weight traits from birth up to 480 days. Gender, type of birth, year, season and age of dam were considered as fixed effects in addition to the fixed regression on Legendre polynomials, while random regression of additive genetic and permanent environmental effects were considered as random factors in the model. The results showed that all fixed factors and some interactions were significant for all studied traits (P<0.05). Quadratic equation was the best description for growth curve. Additive genetic and permanent environment variances ranged from 0.88 to 6.08 and from 0.88 to 15.33 for birth and thirteen months weights, respectively. Additive genetic and permanent environment covariances ranged from 0.05 to 16.06 and from 0.08 to 9.20 for birth with six months weights and for weaning with ten months weights, respectively. Direct and total heritabilities ranged from 0.05 to 0.41 and from 0.08 to 0.74 for four months and birth weights, respectively. Additive, genetic and phenotypic correlation coefficients were the lowest between birth weight with other studied traits and  the highest between ten months weight with other studied traits. Phenotypic variances were oscillated between 2.27 for birth weight to 22.56 for seven months weight, while, residual variances were oscillated between 0.06 for birth weight to 14.05 for four months weight. Therefore, ten months of age recommended to be the best criterion for selecting Egyptian Barki lambs for meat production.

Drought has become major environmental constraint to the crops productivity and the sustainability of agriculture. Recently, using biochar (BC) as a soil conditioner has aroused much interest and proved to be an effective tool for improving soil properties and crops growth and yield. Therefore, a pot trial was conducted using wheat plant (Triticum aestivum L.) with three water regimes (60, 30 and 15% of water holding capacity(WHC)) and three rates of biochar (0, 2%, and 5%) to investigate the impact of biochar on growth and yield components. The results showed that WHC enhanced in the presence of BC leading to improving the availability of water to wheat plants grown in BC-treated soil. Plants grown in BC-amended soil had higher growth and plant biomass, net assimilation rates than those in un-amended soil. Biochar addition positively affected wheat growth parameters including increases in leaf area, number of leaves per plant, tillers number per plant, height of plant as well as shoot to root fresh weight ratio. Particularly interesting is the improvements in yield attributes. These results led us to conclude that the application of black carbon would enhance the growth and yield of crops under insufficient water supply. On other hand, biochar can be considered an effective tool for sustainable agriculture and hence mitigating the injurious effects of drought conditions on plants.

The objective of this study was to follow up the growth performance and gonads development of sex reversed male Nile tilapia. Fish fed commercial diet contained 30% crude protein at a rate of 3% of the biomass and 10 fish were randomly taken biweekly during the experimental period (16 weeks). Growth performance, feed utilization and survival rate were calculated. Histological examination of the gonads was done every two weeks to follow the growth and development of the gonads. Results showed positive interactions between growth parameters and reproductive development during different periods of fish productive cycle. Histological examination illustrated that during early ages, testicular sections of mono sex male’s tilapia had abnormal architecture with deterioration of germinative tissue. Despite abnormal testis texture, fish started spermatogenesis, a step toward puberty when their body weight reached 29.16g. As fish reached 4-5 months, male start to recover their testes normal structures and at age of 5.5-6 months, testicular sections appeared normally as pointed out by firmed testicular lobules, existence of all germ cell types and the intensively stored spermatozoa in testicular lumen and testicular ducts, confirming the full maturity of males. Based on the obtained results, it can clearly conclude that there is a relationship between age, body weight and development of sexual glands. It has also been shown that the hormonal treatment of tilapia seeds in the early stages for production of mono sex (all males) leads to a marked deterioration in the testes structure, continues near the fish enters the sexual maturity. At a later age, males can overcome this deterioration, restore the histological  structure of the testes and achieve full sexual maturity at the age around from 5.5 to 6 months.