This study was designed to evaluate the effects of testosterone propionate (TP) on hatchability, chick measurements and some plasma metabolites in Dokki- 4 strain of chickens during embryogenesis stage. A total of 350 fertile eggs (45-55 g. in average) were individually weighed and incubated .At the 5th day of incubation, eggs were divided into 3 experimental groups as follow; control(C) non-injected groups ,while the other groups T1 and T2 eggs were injected in albumin with 25 and 100µg TP solvated in 50µl plant oil.  Results showed that hatchability % was significantly decreased in-ovo injected groups by 1214%than control groups, while embryonic mortality rate was increased by in-ovo injection with TP. Chick weight, total protein, albumin, calcium and phosphorus levels were significantly increased in TP injection than control .Also, male chicks % based on the visual examination was increased by TP in –ovo injection than control.   In conclusion: in-ovo injection of TP at the 5th day of incubation with 25 and 100µg TP/50µl plant oil had decreased the hatchability %, but increased embryonic mortality, some plasma constituents, male% ,chick weight and chick length in Dokki-4 strain of chickens.

The use of food additives must be under control  specially with the improvement of many diseases such as cancer disease which became the most threaten disease all over the world, although there had become more health aware and medical culture, many unhealthy food products are  being consumed increasely, so it became very important to study some food product’s mutagenicity. Detecting mutagenicity with short term assay with high percentage sensitivity are specifications available at Ames test with the mutated Salmonella typhimiurium strains and the reverse growth of the mutated bacteria was an indicator to the sample tested mutagenicity .The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of adding sodium nitrite salt with various levels on mutagenicity in two of processed meat products (pastirma and luncheon) using Ames test. The results gave  in the tested samples  sign of mutagenicity at low concentrations and high reverse growth at higher concentrations , sodium nitrite extract gave highest mutagenicity at 10% (1.5 ml dose ) concentration , pastirma extract gave highest mutagenicity at 10% concentration (2 ml dose ) and luncheon extract gave highest mutagenicity at 100% concentration.

The issue of  water resources using which make the best using  stayed one of the most important issue  which Egyptian society suffer from on the two levels  individual  and national .  The research depended for a achieving his goals on the discriptive and statistical method which representative on linear programmar method and the researcher depended on the data which be published by research associations such as the central agency for the general mobilization and statistics and ministry of agriculture and  reclaimation the lands.  The research showed that the limitations of crops combination are (the agricultural land – the water resources) and the constraints which be used in linear programmar model are (crops area- feddan return net) and by the looking for the   actual crops combination we can observe that it consist of (42 crops divided into (17 winter crops – 13 summer crops- 6 nile  crops- 6 fruits) and from the research results showed that the gross water amount was (46271.5) million m3 and the water amount for the winter crops was (14870.7) million m3 and the water amount for the summer crops was (23552.6) million m3 whereas the nile crops was (1041) million m3 and the fruits was (6807.2) million m3 and which related to the crops area the results showed that the gross area was (13678254.7) feddan and the winter crops was (6613977.2) feddan whereas the summer crops was (5325536.7) feddan and the nile crops was (392740.8) and which related to the fruits was (1246000) feddan

The influences of grafting treatments (6001 and Star rootstocks in addition to, check nongrafted transplants) and some foliar spray treatments (potassium silicate at rate 4 and 5 ml/L, calcium at rate 1 and 2 ml/L and check) on growth, yield and fruit quality of watermelon cv. Aswan F1 were investigated. The experiment was conducted in Baloza Research Station, Desert Research Center, at North Sinai Governorate during the two successive growing seasons of 2016 and 2017. The results indicated that plants sprayed with potassium silicate at a rate 5 ml/L or grafted onto Star rootstock recorded the highest significant values on transplant stand (success) percentage, vegetative growth characteristics (plant length, fresh and dry weight), yield and its components (fruit weight, fruit size, rind and flesh thickness and total yield), while the lowest values were observed in check nongrafted plants. Meanwhile, grafting had reducing effect on fruit quality, where the highest values of total soluble solids and total sugars were found in the fruits of nongrafted plants. The application of 5 ml/L potassium silicate gave the best significant values of TSS and total sugars compared with check treatment during the two studied seasons.

This research was generally aimed at conducting an economic study to evaluate the Beheira Governorate Rural Development Project Phase II, because of the availability of data necessary to carry out the ordinary economic and financial assessment, As one of the leading rural development projects in Egypt financed by of the Bank and the African Development Fund, where research has been aimed at studying the vulnerabilities to avoid them in the future, and strengths to sustain and develop it and increase its efficiency, and this can only be achieved through a systematic scientific assessment of the project.  It was one of the most important findings of the research that the project was characterized by rates of performance exceeding the target of the project in most of its activities. In addition to the feasibility of the project from the point of view of the financial and economic assessment, Despite  the fact that the project is an agricultural development and most of its activities are not for profit, Despite the fact that the project is an agricultural development and most of its activities are not for profit, it achieved an internal rate of return of about 12.3% and achieved a positive net present value of about 7.7 million pounds, and The project has succeeded in recovering its capital in about two and a half years. The project has added value to beneficiaries of about 23.6 million pounds while achieving a national added value of about 10.5 million pounds and the social surplus rate is about 10. 2 million pounds, However, it is noted that the project spent a lot of money in the training activity, due to the limited education and lack of expertise among the beneficiaries and the lack of skilled labor, which led the project to pump a large part of the project funding for training activities.

Characteristics and protective effect of pomegranate juice (PJ), lemon juice (LJ), wheatgrass juice (WGJ) and their functional blends were evaluated. Total phenolics (TP), flavonoids (TF) content as well as free radical scavenging activity were determined. Meanwhile, total acidity, pH values were determined and the organoleptic attributes were evaluated. Also, the protective effect of functional blending juice against carbohydrate intolerance in patients was investigated by hydrogen breath test.  The results revealed that the WGJ are low acidic in nature. While, the PJ and LJ showed high acidity which raised the total acidity in the functional blending juice. PJ had high content of total phenolics 17.45 mg/ml followed by 5.85 mg/ml for functional blending juice. While, the LJ showed high acidity which raised the total acidity in the in the functional blending juice. PJ had high content of total phenolics 17.45 mg/ml followed by 13.25 mg/ml for functional blending juice. While, significant increase in the TF 22.15 mg/ml in the wheatgrass juice followed by functional blending juice 5.70 mg/ml significant increase in the TF 25.25 mg /ml in the functional blending juice followed by 22.15 mg/ml for wheatgrass juice. Whereas, the results showed that functional blending juice recorded the highest antioxidant activity, which revealed great free radical scavenging activity 98.16%. Depending on sensory evaluation, the proportions of fourth blend WGJ: PJ: LJ in ratio 20:70:10 was most preferred for consumption by the panelists compared to other blending ratios.  After one month for patients group treated by functional blending juice at blinds ratio (WGJ 20: PJ 70: LJ 10), showed a significant decrease in the concentration of the hydrogen level in the exhalation air to reach a significant level of the control patients group, indicating the ability of the active compounds in functional blending juice to relieve the problems of carbohydrate intolerance. Accordingly, healthy promoting beverages can be produced by addition blending of pomegranate juice, lemon juice and wheatgrass juice.

he present experiment was conducted to determine the optimal source and level of phosphorus supplementation in commercial feeds with the highest growth rate and the lowest releasing in environmental and protect water quality of Nile Juveniles tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fish were divided into twelve groups (groups) each group was stocked into two aquaria each contains 10 fish.  Fish were fed diet contained different levels of phosphorus (0.005, 0.007, 0.009 and 0.011%Kg diet phosphorus) from   three different sources of phosphorus (mono calcium phosphate, mono potassium phosphate and mono sodium phosphate) for a period of 12 weeks. Results showed that average daily gain, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio and feed conversation ratio were significantly improved at (p) 1.1% dietary phosphorus level with mono sodium phosphate as the source of phosphorus, mono calcium phosphate represented the highest significant (P<0.05) value of growth and blood parameters (Packed cell volume (PCV), Hemoglobein(Hb) ,red blood cell(RBC) and white blood cell(WBC) in Oreochromis niloticus .  Concerning levels of phosphorus the result clearly indicated that the 0.9% phosphorus level recorded the significant (P<0.05) highest growth and blood parameters in Oreochromis niloticus. Body composition analysis showed that the whole body protein and ash content were increased linearly but lipid was decreased (P<0.05) with increasing dietary of phosphorus.

The present research was carried out in the AlGhab region, the village of Hialin, Hama Governorate, during 2015-2106- 2017 season. superior strains in addition to both check varieties (Idlib I-C and Hamma H-C) of peanuts were used. Ten stains of which were derived from the local variety Hama and other 13 strains were derived from the local variety Idlib, after exposing the seeds of the two varieties to three doses of gamma rays (200 - 250 - 300) Gy during  2010 and 2011  seasons. The twenty three M3 seeds were planted in the 2015 season and at the end of the season the superior M4 plants were selected for planting during next season (2016). In the 2017 season, M5 seeds were planted and at the end of the season the M5 plants were individually selected based on the following traits (early/day, yield kg/ha).   The results showed that the local cultivar Idlib was more responsive to investigated procedure than local cultivar of Hama.

RT-PCR was conducted for four genes implicated for salt tolerance, oxidative and osmotic stresses in Egyptian gray mangroves within Nabq protected area in South Sinai Governorate. The results showed over-expression of the mRNA of ferritin (amFer1) gene as very high expression, followed by increase in  mRNA of superoxide dismutase (amSOD1) and ubiquitin conjugation2 (amUBC2).  At the same time gene expression of catalase (amCAT1) decreased.

Hypercholesterolemia was induced by feeding of rats on a high cholesterol diet (HCD) that contains cholesterol (1%), bile salts (0.25%) and coconut butter (15%) to evaluate the protective effect of steroidal saponins extracted from fenugreek and asparagus, and triterpenoidal saponins extracted from soapwort and licorice. The rats were divided into 6 groups, and the first one was fed on a basal diet and served as a negative control group. The second group of rats received HCD without any plant extract and served as a positive control group. The other four groups of rats were fed on HCD plus the plant extracts separately at a dose of 250 mg/kg/day during the experiment period (6 weeks). The protective effect of various saponin extracts were monitored through assays of total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) in blood, liver tissues and feces of the rats as well as other blood analyses and histological examinations of liver tissues. The data indicated a significant (P<0.05) increase in the levels of TC, TG, low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) and glucose, and a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the level of high density lipoprotein (HDL) in addition to insignificant (P<0.05) differences in the levels of total bilirubin (TB), total protein (TP), urea, creatinine and uric acid in serum of hypercholesterolemic rats (the positive control) compared to the negative control. The protective effect of various saponin extracts were established by lowering the levels of TC and TG, and obtaining the other biochemical parameters near to their  normal values in serum of rats fed on these plant extracts. The data also indicate that TC and TG decreased significantly (P<0.05) in liver tissues of the rats treated with various saponin extracts compared to the positive control. Conversely, the levels of TC and TG increased significantly (P<0.05) in feces of the rats treated with various saponin extracts compared to the negative and positive controls. Histological examinations showed lower content of fats in liver tissues of the rats treated with various saponin extracts compared to the positive control. Both of steroidal and triterpenoidal saponins exhibited approximately the same efficiency in their protective effects against hypercholesterolemia. The hypocholesterolemic effect of saponin extracts may be due to the inhibition of cholesterol absorption in the intestine which led to increase of cholesterol excretion in the feces.