In the present study, two molecular biology tools based on DNA were compared in the differentiating between some microbial strains isolated from soil. Two types (16SrRNA and 18SrRNA) of ribosomal RNA genes were used for identification of the four bacterial and three fungal isolates, respectively. The identified microbial isolates were submitted in GenBank as strains of Escherichia coli MSL-19 (LC455952.1); Bacillus sp. MSLB-1 (LC455953.1); Bacillus sp. MSLB2 (LC455954.1); Bacillus sp. MSLB3 (LC455955.1); Penicillium sp. MLSP1 (LC455956.1); Aspergillus niger MLSAs1 (LC455958.1); Aspergillus sp. MLSAs2 (LC455959.1). The DNA obtained from the seven microbial strains was used as templates for RAPDPCR differentiating in the presence of eight random primers. Electrophoresis analysis was performed, and on scoring, the identity percentages between the bacterial and fungal strains were separately analyzed. A percentage of 82-83% was recorded between the E. coli and the three Bacillus strains, while, identities of 93-98% were recorded between the three Bacillus strains. Similar trend (90-96%) was observed between the Penicillium and Aspergillus strains. Results confirmed that identities based on the two ribosomal RNA genes (82-98%) was higher than that of RAPD-PCR (70.0-79.7%), and this is because of ribosomal RNA genes are in limited sizes (~1500-1600 bp) and specific for differentiating species, while RAPD-PCR tool depends on using some random primers could be recorded on the whole genome. The phylogenetic trees based on the two molecular  tools supported the obtained results. As a conclusion, tools of RAPD-PCR and ribosomal RNA genes were successfully used to identify and detect the genetic variability of microbial strains isolated from soil.

The research aims at estimating production and economic efficiency through statistical estimation for the production and cost functions, and then to derive the economic derivatives of the production and cost functions, so that the researcher will be dealt with the research problem, namely, are the resources used in the production of summer tomatoes used efficiently or not?. The obtained findings of the research from the sample data indicate that the production is at the stage of increaseing the economics of scale. It was found that by increasing the used production inputs in the production by 1% of summer tomato, led to increases the productivity of the feddan by 8.2%, it is meaning that there is possibility to increase that productivity. The optimum size of the production obtained by equalizing the marginal costs against average cost, it was about 17.5 tons per feddan, which is lower than the average productivity in the research sample, which is about 21 tons per feddan. The maximum size of the profit, which was obtained by  equalizing the marginal cost of marginal revenue, it was about 13.7 tons per feddan. It is noticed that there were several problems which faced the interviewers of the selected sample, including the lack of information and guidance on the high-yield varieties, the quantity and quality of pesticides used to control pests.                                                 The net return per feddan of tomato in the sample of the research was about 23,152 thousand Egyptian pounds and it was found that the revenue of the invested Egyptian pound was about 41 piaster.     Research recommended that increasing the role of the agricultural guidance system in the delivery of technical information to guide farmers, especially in the field of rationalization of the use of pesticides and the direction of biological control, in addition to the selection of suitable hybrid seedlings to increase the productivity of the unit area and reduce the cost of production and increase net return. Provide the irrigation water, clearing of canals and sheds and removal of waste. Food production and food security are a matter of national security, Therefore, the question of re-supporting and subside farmers in providing agricultural production needs with high quality, time, price and appropriate place must be reconsidered.

Agriculture Investments play important role in agriculture sector, It contributes about 15.4 of total GDP for the period (1995 / 1996 - 2013 / 2014).  The research problem was the decrease in the contribution of the agricultural investment in the total investment and this has lead to a decrease in the contribution of the agriculture sector in the Egyptian Gross demostic products (GDP).  The results showed that agricultural sector contributes with about 5.6% of the total investments between different economic sectors. The study showed that there was an efficiency in the agricultural private investment and in total agricultural investment while there was unefficiency in the agricultural public investment. The study showed that the most important determinants of agricultural investment in Egypt were agricultural gross domestic product, GDP, the agricultural income, reclaimed area, interest rate of agricultural loans and agricultural labor. The agricultural investment value is inversely proportional to both of the interest rates of agricultural loans and the volume of agricultural labor, where by decreasing both of the interest rates of agricultural loans and size of agricultural labor by about 1% leads to an increase in agricultural investments with about 0.17, 1.88 billion pounds respectively, the reason of decline in the agricultural employment size was to expand in using the technology in the agricultural sector. From the estimated model indicators that increasing both of the agricultural gross domestic product and GDP and agricultural income with about 1% leads to increase agricultural investments with about 0.413 , 40, 30 million pounds, respectively, and by increasing the reclaimed area with about 1% the investment increased with about 3.2 million pounds. The study showed that ARIMA model was the most suitable model for forecasting public, private and total agricultural investment. The forecasted figures for public investment were about 3.4, 3.01, 3.04 billion pounds for the years 2014/2015, 2015/2016, 2016/2017, respectively while forecasting for the private agricultural investment were about 6.14, 3.99, 2.65 billion pounds, respectively for the same years. While forecasting for total agricultural investment will be about 10.04, 7.64, and 5.79 billion pounds during the forecasted years. Finally the study recommended some important and topical recommendations for raising the agricultural investment such as: 1. Unify the agencies responsible for data source of investments to design a correct and clear investment map. 2. Stimulate agricultural investment projects by reducing the taxes through designing good tax and investment policies. 3. To Integrate the young graduates and small farmers in great cooperation for land reclamation and other agricultural projects by the help and stimulation of Agricultural Development And Credit Bank.