The experiments were executed on the autumn and the winter of (2016 /2017, 2017/2018) seasons at Qalyub area, EL-Qalyubia governorate, Egypt. The main objective for this study to find out the efficacy of several biological and the chemical controls on growth and productivity of lettuce crop and management on white rot disease caused on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Thus, four treatments were applied as follow 1- the control (water application),2- Trichoderma asperellum, 3-Salicylic acid and 4- Calcium Chloride, which were evaluated and compared for the three fungicide as follow : 1- Iprodione , 2- Tebuconazole with Fluopyram and 3-Tebuconazole at the doses (85 & 100 ; 200 &100 and 50 &100 g or ml / 100L-1 respect.) . Which they tested for their ability for increasing the lettuce crop productivity and suppress mycelial growth of S. sclerotiorum pathogen by treatments were sprayed on two times on plants at (15-19 BBCH) stages by using backpack sprayer by 250 L./Fed.). Results indicated that, Iprodione applications significantly gave the highest indications of total and the Marketable yield in compared with the other experimental treatments for both seasons. Moreover, the two times of sprayes by Iprodione and Salicylic acid treatments had significantly lowered the disease incidence and disease severity and increasing the control efficiency in the both seasons. Whereas, the other treatments, Tebuconazole with Fluopyram or Tebuconazole and Trichoderma asperellum had a moderate effecacy on the lettuce crop productivety or the disease severity and incidence of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in compared to the control treatment. In the contrast, application by Calcium Chloride had a low effect on the average yield or final yield as a mass and marketable plant in the both seasons and had insignificant effect on the disease severity or incidence of S. sclerotiorum despite low to medium recovery following applications. Finally, the control treatment was the lowest.

It is one of the most serious problems facing Egyptian agriculture, which is working to eat agricultural area Where farmland represents one of the most important agricultural economic resources in the provision of food, where is the problem of constant encroachment on farmland and converted from agricultural use to other uses of non-farm as the total agricultural land has been encroached upon construction during the period Area (1983 - 2010) about 64 Thousand acres in addition to the encroachment on about 38.46 thousand acres since the wealth of January 25, 2011 until 28/9/2014, which led to a decline in the average per capita agricultural land in Egypt from about 0.133 acres / population in 1983 to about 0.112 acres / people in 2011, was where the study problem in increasing encroachment on the land Agricultural Giza especially governorate Doanh the post-January 25 Revolution 2010 study was conducted to identify the effects of Aguetsadahoalajtmaih leveling farmland in Giza Governorate 2017 season. Where the characteristics and motives of the establishment of private projects and land has been identified, and this motivation strengthens the doctrine of the importance of infringement by seeing others from projects that are based on their negative impact on the neighboring lands of the project, especially if the success of the project and the desire to imitate this behavior or create a new project The previous project, whether through raw materials or taking advantage of the product of the former resident on the lands beyond it, which sees the oppressor as an incentive for the tradition and Altadam on the infringement of the other and waiting for what happened to him before the establishment of a plant on the land beyond it and did not see the behavior of Alchk Meh it packs serious and immediate accountability and behavior, whether or removal or punishment Salehbh both. It was concluded that the owners of the first Mivkron project is the amount of income obtained by the search for the compensation of what was obtained before the establishment of the project and shows the table what the project owner gets from the agricultural land before the establishment of the project and the income obtained after the establishment of the project and depends on the difference in income, The project, where it was found that the owner of a poultry farm was obtained on average on 94.4 pounds / month as the value of rent or equivalent percentage of the crops produced from the area on which the project is established (poultry farm, which is 5.28 i), while the increase rose to 12.3 thousand pounds, increase of about 13.56% than once The average monthly income before the establishment of the stadium amounted to about 193 pounds / month, which rose about 8 thousand pounds / month, an increase of about 4145% of what was obtained of the agricultural land, while the income of the owner of the wedding hall before the establishment of about 113.3 pounds / month of agricultural land, while the rise to about 4 thousand pounds from the wedding hall, an increase of 3530% of what was obtained from the ground. Although the satisfaction of the projects on the land above it is much higher than the return of agricultural land, this high return of projects does not correspond to the degree of food deprivation for future generations as a result of conversion of agricultural land to special projects in all wars and the occurrence of fodder or influence the political decision to import food and provide of society as a whole.

The present study was carried out to investi-gate the effect of pruning method on growth and production of cucumber (hybrid Aula) grown in greenhouses for 2004 and 2005 growing seasons. Three types of pruning were used : system of prin-cipal stem, system of secondary branchs, and mixed system (principal stem + secondary branchs). The results show the following points * Effect of mixed system is distinguish on early and total production in comparison with the other used methods which present a comparable production. * Failing growth and production of mixed system at the end of season compared with two other used methods. This experience allows to suggest * Use of mixed system necessitate the regular pruning of plants for avoid the physiological fail and the bad morphological and physiologi-cal characteristics of fruits. * Possibility of application the system of principal stem and avoid the system of secondary branchs with the necessity of knowledge the type of branch of varieties for avoid the tardy production

A study was carried out in a mango orchard on reclaimed land for two seasons in 2019 and 2020. The experiment was implemented on fifteen years old mango trees “Fagri Kalan” budded on seedling mango rootstock and planted at 4 × 4 m. This experiment involved two soil growth stimulants (K humate, magnetite) and foliar application with cobalt. The experiment involved two factors, the first one was soil application with K humate by two levels (50 and 100 g/tree/year) and magnetite by two levels (250 and 500 g/tree /year) plus control, whereas the second factor was a foliar application with Co as cobalt sulfate by three levels (0, 15, and 30 ppm Co). The experiment was carried out in a factorial experiment in split plot design with three replicates whereas each replicate was represented by two trees. Result indicated that soil application with K humate at 100 g/tree followed by magnetite at 250 g/tree or foliar application with Co at 15 ppm alone or the combination between (K humate at 100 g/tree and cobalt at 15 ppm) gave the highest values of yield/tree, fruit weight, TSS, reducing sugars, leaf N, P, K, and Fe content of “Fagri Kalan” mango trees grown under salinity conditions.

This study was carried out during the two successive seasons (2017 and 2018) on the first and second ratoon of healthy uniform banana cv. Williams (Musa spp.) Plants grown in sandy soil under drip irrigation system in a private orchard located at El-Tahadi region, Cairo Alexandria desert road, Behaira governorate, Egypt. The investigation aimed to study the effect of different slow release potassium fertilizer (SRKF) (50% K2O) rates (100%, 75% and 50%) were added as soil drench during mid March, mid June and mid September while, potassium sulphate dose used in control treatment was added at monthly intervals as soil application from mid March until mid October on vegetative growth, productivity, total yield income and net return/feddan of banana plants. The obtained results showed that, all treatments had a significant effect on enhancing the vegetative growth parameters, i.e. number of green leaves /plant, plant total assimilation area (m2/plant), leaf total chlorophyll content (CCI) and leaf macro element content (N, P and K) as (%) as well as leaf micro element content (Fe, Zn and Mn) as (ppm). Also, improving yield (ton/feddan), bunch weight (kg), number of hands/bunch, hand weight (kg), number of fingers/hand, finger weight (g), finger length (cm), finger circumference (cm), finger pulp weight (g), finger pulp/peel (ratio), TSS (%), TSS/TA (ratio), total sugars (%). In addition, the total yield income (1000 LE) and net return/feddan (1000 LE) in both seasons. Moreover, all treatments had no significant effect on plant pseudostem height (cm), pseudostem circumferences (cm) and leaf area (m2) of plant in both seasons and bunch length (cm) in the first season only. Treatment of: slow release potassium at 100% gave the highest values of physical and chemical properties of banana plants cv. Williams in both seasons compared to, control treatment (100% potassium sulphate) and slow release potassium at 50% gave the lowest values.

The study showed that the average amount of global production of cotton during the period (2004-2008) was estimated at 20.849 million tons. Where China, United States of America and India in the front of producing countries and was the relative importance of the Egyptian production of cotton for the world in tenth place. The harvested area it may an annual average of about 33.205 million hectares during the same period. Where India, United States of America and China in the front of those countries, while the average quantity of world exports during the same period was estimated at 8.293 million tons / year. Where United States of America, Uzbekistan and India in the front of those countries, were ranked Egypt in the ninth position. while the imports it may average annual rate during the same period was estimated at 7.76 million tons / year. Where China, Turkey and Indonesia in the front of those countries, The world Stock comes China United States of America and India in the front of those countries during the same period, while the consumption of cotton, it may average annual rate during the same period was estimated at 21.15 million tons / year. Where China, India and Pakistan in the front of those countries. There is also a decrease in the area of the Extra long staple cotton in Egypt by 6040 feddan per year during the period (1990-2008). The area of long-staple cotton, there is a decrease up to 18190 feddan annually during the same period, while the production of Extra long staple cotton there are decline 6620 tons annually, while the production of long staple cotton there is a decline of 13,250 tons annually during the same period. With regard to the evolution of the total production costs of cotton in Egypt, there are increasing by 113.14 pounds / feddan per year as well as prices of farm cotton in Egypt, there are increasing by 170.95 pounds / tc5ns every year either total return for Egyptian cotton, there is increased total 173.34 pounds / feddan per year during the same period, The net return of cotton feddan to the study, noted the relative stability, and that it ranges around the arithmetic mean during the study period. Looks at the future of cotton in the world by forecasting its progress during the period (2009-2018), the direction of the Beginning stock to decline during the same period, while that the harvested area and end stock consumption relatively stable during the same Period, while exports and imports tended to increase during the same period, As for the forecasting of the Egyptian market during the same period the harvested area has tended to decline while increasing domestic consumption and with the relative stability in the beginning stock, as well as exports, Comparing the results to predict the global and Egyptian variables is showed Egyptian market for cotton towards the import of foreign cotton.