The effect of both beekeeping processes (compressed bees Cb and traditional beekeeping Tb) and food diets (vitamins mixed with pollen grains, pollen grains only and plain sugar syrup) on the colony build up were studied during February – April, 2004, at the apiary belonging to Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University. Feeding colonies with supplementary vitamins plus pollen grains resulted after four brood cycles significantly high daily rates of rearing brood (523 and 434 brood cells for Cb and Tb, respectively) and drawing combs (4.31 and 1.61 combs for Cb and Tb, respectively) compared to either unique pollen grains (432 and 338 brood cells and 3.2 and 1.19 combs for Cb and Tb, respectively) or plain sugar syrup (313 and 219 brood cells and 2.1 and 0.79 combs for Cb and Tb, respectively). On the other hand, the worker’s longevity recorded vice versa which were 21.2  26.2, 23.8 days for colonies fed on vitamins plus pollen grains, pollen grains and sugar syrup, respectively. The colonies which fed on vitamins plus pollen grains, pollen grains and plain sugar syrup, their workers were hoarded 236, 220 and 191 mg of sugar syrup / 3 days, respectively.

nsidered to be more health- beneficial and nutritive. The effect of sprouting pea seeds at open field and laboratory on the green sprouts yield characters and their nutritional values were studied. Result revealed that number of shoots, fresh and dry yield of pea sprout per square meter was increased significantly under laboratory condition over open filed. Protein content was found to increase in green pea sprout at laboratory as compared with open field. Conversely trend was occurred for carbohydrate and lipids. Sprout grown under open filed had the highest content of P, K, Ca, Mg and Fe compared with laboratory ones. On the other hand, higher vitamin E and C (853.6 and 51.1 mg/100g, respectively) was observed as grown under open filed than laboratory (189.1 and 48.6 mg/100g, respectively). The effect of partial replacement of wheat flour with 12.5% and 25% of green and etiolated pea sprout flour on the sensory evaluation and amino acids profile of pea pie were also studied. Supplemented pie with etiolated pea sprout with 12.5% or 25% was more preferable by panelists than green sprout flour and nearly to control. The present work confirmed that the recommended supplementation of refined wheat flour should be up to 12.5% of pea sprout flour. Values of protein efficiency ratio (PER) of pea sprout pies were ranged from 1.06 to 1.69 which higher than control (0.76). The essential amino acid index (EAAI) of pea pie supplemented with 25% green pea sprouts was useful for food since the value is  above 80%. Also, the biological value exhibited the highest value in the same pie. However, highest nutritional index (NI) was obtained from pie supplemented with 25% green pea sprouts (23.46%) over other treatments. Therefore, combination of wheat flour with pea sprout flour can be recommended for high nutritional quality for human, Since it have good protein quality  because the amino acid compositions of wheat and peas complement each other, producing a balanced mixture of amino acids.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of amino acid and vitamin foliar applications on improving iceberg lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) production and quality during the summer. First, two hybrids (Patagonia and Bruma) were grown hydroponically in June 2018 and 2019. Then, for five consecutive weeks, plants were sprayed once a week with Stress Free (a commercial product comprising 0.5% vitamins [vitamin B complex/ascorbic acid] and 0.5% selenomethionine) at concentrations of 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 g/L and Aminomad (20% free amino acids) at concentrations of 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 cm3 /L. Investigations revealed that all plant growth aspects were positively improved with all foliar spray treatments than with the control. Furthermore, while mineral contents (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium) showed positive responses to the applied treatments, the highest dose of amino acids showed the highest marketable and total yield effects among all foliar spray treatments with the Patagonia hybrid. However, the marketable and total yield of lettuce heads was lowest with the control treatment without spraying.