The agricultural sector is one of the most important national sectors of the economy as it provides food for humans, raw materials for the industrial sector, in addition to its contribution in Egyptian export. Facing the agricultural sector, losses of more than 16% of the total value of production, and aims of this research estimating were estimated as about tomatoes at the farm area. Nubaria level during the stages of production and marketing. The research used data of a sample of farms in Nubaria area in addition to secondary data from published and unpublished  data as used by various government agencies of the Ministry of Agriculture as well as agricultural management centers in Nubaria area records,  findings of the research were  that average loss of production per acre  during agricultural operations estimated was about 3.35, 2.7 tons of  summer and winter tomatoes  losses we are due to two main reasons,  bad weather and  bad of service operations, the responsibility of each was about 0.856, 2.50 tons per acre of summer tomato and about 0.478, 2.24 tons per acre of winter tomatoes crop, respectively, and losses  bad  operations service,  resulted from of pest control, fertilization, and spacing intervals between plant, irrigation, poor performance of mechanical operations, the average waste of summer tomatoes were about 2.22 tons per feddan, representing about 7.5% of the average production per feddan amounting to 29.5 tons, has resulted in the losses during in marketing operations conducted by farmers , such as collection, packaging, transportation, sales in the wholesale markets, and the average loss amounted for winter tomatoes about 1.99 tons, representing about 7.05% of the average production per acre amounting to 28 tonnes, and this loss resulted to the same previous reasons, and reached the resulting loss the cost of the production losses incurred by the farmers sample to produce the quantity that has been lost for tomato summer 95.5 thousand pounds, tomatoes winter 49.9 thousand pounds, and amounted to a loss in the growers sample income due to the loss of about 76.7,160 thousand pounds for each of tomato summer tomatoes winter on respectively, and amounted to loss of irrigation water as a result of this loss of about 55.18, 24.62 thousand cubic meters for each of tomato summer tomatoes winter, respectively, and the most important recommendations concern operations Pest Control to limit the spread Tota Zisiluta worm which leads to high losses in tomato, work on the existence of centers marketing grouped close to reduce the period between harvesting and transportation, to develop the collection, packaging, transportation and choose a trained labor for harvesting methods. Key words: loss and water amount and economic estimation and cost.

Elwady Elgedid considered as a promising Governorate in the field of sustainable agricultural development. This research aims to identify the current situation of agricultural plant production, crop composition, as well as crop yield, Agricultural Animal Production and the change in the number of cattle. The future prospects of agricultural production are also estimated. Proposals and recommendations on how to exploit the available optimum utilization of agricultural resources are also stated. The results showed that the average crop area, the value of agricultural production, the agricultural income and agricultural employment of Elwady Elgedid Governorate represents about 1.3%, 0.4%, 0.05%, 0.12% 0.12%, of the total crop area, agricultural production value, the value of production inputs, agricultural income value, the number of agricultural workers of the Republic. Results also showed that wheat crop area and ​​production represents about 1.9% 1.5% of the area and production of wheat crop in the Republic. The area and production of faba bean crop represents about 4.9% to 4.3% of the area and ​​production of faba bean crop in the Republic. The area and production of the winter tomato crop represents about 1.4% 1.8% of the area and production of the winter tomato crop in the Republic. While the area and production of alfalfa represents about 65.8%, 65.8% of the area and the production of alfalfa in the Republic as an average of the period, while the area and the production of sesame crop represents about 0.49%, 0.36% of the area and production of sesame crop in the Republic as an average of the period. The area and production of maize represent around 0.34%, 0.07% of the area and production of maize crop in the Republic as an average of the period. For Animal Production, numbers of cattle buffalo, sheep, goats, camels, representing about 2.6%, 1.3%, 0.97%, respectively of the total number in the Republic. By studying the expectation of future agricultural production in Elwady Elgedid Governorate years 2015, 2016 and 2017 showed the following: The crop area, agricultural production, agricultural production inputs, agricultural income and agricultural workers will increase with an increase estimated at 1.05%, 3.1%, 3.3%, 3.5%, 0.07% respectively out of 2014, and the area of wheat, bean and alfalfa, will increase by 2.1%, 70.8%, 0.09% Respectively from 2014, while summer sesame area will fall by 55.2% from 2014. The expectation for the future productivity of bean, and winter tomatoes will rise by 5.7%, 14.9% respectively from 2014, while the maize, summer sesame and alfalfa production will drop by 0.3%, 5.9%, and 5.2% from 2014. Forecasting the future of summer bean production will rise by 44.5% from 2014, while summer sesame, tomato and alfalfa production will fall by 70.13%, 1.4%, 5.3 respectively out of 2014.While forecasting the future number of, sheep, goats will rise by 0.55%, 0.06% respectively while the number of cows, buffalo, and camels will go down by 1.9%, 9.1%,1.3% from 2014. The research recommends dissemination crops appropriate to soil conditions and the environment in all varieties preservation area, and creates herd's nucleus for each of goats, cows and sheep, in the form of model farms.

The sorption isotherm and kinetic of Cu2+, Pb2+, Zn2+ , and Cd2+ ions onto sewage irrigated soil (El-Gebal El Aasfar-Qalubia) was examined as a function of the retention time and initial ion concentration using batch equilibrium sorption experiments. Results show that the Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd metal ions onto the soil is relatively rapid and sorption reaches equilibrium at about 240 minutes. Kinetics of the sorption process on the soil is well characterized by the pseudo-second order reaction rate. Langmuir, Freundlich and D–R isotherm models are fitted for the sorption of Cu2+, Pb2, Zn2+, and Cd2+ ions onto the soil. The constants of all models were calculated for each metal ion and compared. It indicated clear differences between the sorption characteristics of Cu2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+ ions on the sewage irrigated soil.

This research study was carried out in the open field during the two successive seasons of 2012/2013 and 2013/2014. The aim of this investigation was to study the response of pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) to different application methods and concentrations of seaweed extracts applied as a commercial compound. Seven treatments were initiated, i.e. three concentrations of seaweed extracts (500, 1000, 1500) were used either as foliar spray or as soil drench in addition to the control treatment (tap water). Results indicated that foliar spray with 1500 ppm of seaweed extract increased significantly plant height, number of flowers per plant and vase life in the two tested seasons. However, foliar spray with the lowest concentration of seaweed extract (500 ppm) resulted in significant increments in flower stalk length, flower diameter and carbohydrates content. Moreover, the same concentration showed significant increases in total carotenoids, nitrogen, and phosphorus percentage when used as soil drench in the two tested seasons.

nacks was made from yellow corn and its blends had contained corn, barley, chickpea, cumin, black cumin, black pepper and lettuce seeds at different levels considerable as lettuce seeds of ingredient and products were defined as physical, chemical and sensory evaluation. The results showed that the chickpea had contained the highest in protein and total lipids 40.60 and 15.50%. The black pepper, chickpea and cumin seeds had contained higher in crude fiber (14.20, 10.71 and 10.50%, respectively). The snacks with lettuce seeds showed that the protein was the highest in group (2) it was 15.04, 16.44 and 17.82 %. Total lipids, crude fiber and ash content were decreased gradually in the snacks from group (1) 4.02, 4.87 and 5.72% and the highest in total lipids in group (2) which contained 4.23, 5.08 and 5.93%, respectively. Hunter color values of snacks control and its different blends from lettuce seeds the group (6) prepared with 60% corn grits and 15, 10 and 5% barley and also 6% lettuce seeds showed that higher in lightness and yellowness till 15% chickpea and nearly control snacks. The highest (WAI) and (WSI) were in groups (1 and 2) respectively made from 40% corn grits and 40, 35, 30 and 25% barley. The sensory properties showed that the extrusion blend (18) made from 20% chickpea and 5% barley the highest acceptability (95%) and nearly control (96%) followed were by 10 and 15% chickpea plus 15 and 10% barley were gave 93.0 and 88.0% during overall acceptability.

The study aimed basically at: describing the actual situation of agricultural crisises in the study area and mechanisms of agricultural extension to face them, describing the levels of agricultural crisises management and studying the differences between extension agents and farmers’ points of view with respect to the agricultural crisises management level in the study area, estimating the gap size between the actual and optimal levels of agricultural crisises management in the study area, identifying the level of respondent farmers utilization of extension activities in the field of facing the agricultural crisises and factors correlated to it, and finally identifying the obstacles of the role of agricultural extension in agricultural crisises management and suggestions to face them from the agricultural agents and farmers points of view. The study was conducted in Sugar Beet on two different categoties of respondents, the first category was the population of agricultural agents in Sugar Beet area (24 agricultural agents), the second category was a systematic random sample of farmers in: Baghdad, Taha El-ameen and Salama Hegazy villages (165 farmers representing 30% of the total number of farmers in the three villages). Data were collected through personal interviews with the selected respondents using a questionnaire. The statistical analyzing tools used in the study were: Pearson’s correlation coefficient, t- test, in addition to frequencies, percentages, arithmetic mean, standard deviation and alpha coefficient.   The most important findings were   First: The most important agricultural crisises in the study area from the agricultural agents point of view were: shortage of irrigation water, climate changes, shortage of agricultural fertilizers, difficulties of agricultural crops marketing, the spread of bird flu disease, shortage of agricultural pesticides, pollution of irrigation water, spread of agricultural pests, spread of diseases of agricultural animals, shortage of veterinary services, agricultural environment pollution and the poor condition of agricultural drainage.   Second: According to describing the agricultural crisises management levels, the findings showed that about 70.8% of respondent agricultural agents clarified that this level was moderate in the study area, while that 64.8% of respondent farmers clarified that this level was low. The findings showed also that there were significant differences between the two average degrees expressing the agricultural agents and farmers’ points of view in respect to agricultural crisises management level in the study area.   Third: According to the gap size between the actual and optimal levels of agricultural crisises management in the study area, the findings showed that the ratio gap was about 36.5%, 52.0% from the agricultural agents and farmers points of view respectively.   Fourth: About 47.9% of respondent farmers showed that their utilization level of extension activities in the field of facing the agricultural ctisises was low. The findings showed also that there was a positive significant correlation relationship between farmers’ utilization level of extension activities in the field of facing agricultural crisises and the following variables: age, educational level, family size, aspiration level, leadership status, public awareness level, organizations membership and cultural openness.   Fifth: The findings also represented some obstacles of the role of agricultural extension in agricultural crisises management and suggestions to face them from the agricultural agents and farmers points of view.