Food security is the main objective of all countries that seek through their various economic policies to try to achieve their social and economic security and stability. The agricultural sector is one of the leading sectors of the national economy and one of the main pillars of economic development. The agricultural production in Egypt includes three main activities: plamt production Livestock production fish production, and the value of animal production in Egypt is about 36.5% of the total value of agricultural production. Undoubtedly, the heat stress on livestock under Egyptian conditions is one of the most important constraints for the production of milk In Egypt at various levels of cattle breeding in general and at the level of commercial farms in particular, which requires studying the economic return of the use of this technique and study the impact on the economics of dairy production. the objectives of the study were to study the current status of the development of the number of cattle producing milk in Egypt, as well as the development of the production quantities of dairy cows, the relative importance of each dairy production and the numbers of warheads, and to see the impact of the use of technology has been studying the statistical estimate of the production functions of milk sample study, as well as the statistical estimate of the terms of use of these costs Technology study sample. The most important results of what has resulted in the following: there is a growing trend year for the number of cows wholesale heads in Egypt during the study period, as they have increased by amounted to 104.24 thousand head annually, has been estimated coefficient of determination about 0.266, meaning that 26.6% of the changes occurring to the number due to Factors that reflect the effects of time. It may be shown that the increase in the number of dairy cattle heads in Egypt during the study period as an average is due mainly to the number of mixed cattle heads due to the apparent stability in the numbers of domestic and foreign cattle. It also shows that there is an increasing general trend of milk production for cows Wholesale in Egypt during that For a period, increasing by about 84.597 thousand tons per year. The R2 is estimated to be about 0.324, which means that 32.4% of the changes occurring in the milk production of cows are due to the factors that reflect the time component. Egypt. Scenarios for the statistical estimation of the cow dairy production function were carried out in the sample of 100 cows before using the technique and 100 cows after using the technology. The elasticity of production prior to the use of the technology was about 0.24, after the use of 0.22 technology. Finally, return m Milk production for dairy cows increased by 27.7 kg / day after the use of the technology at an increase rate of about 18.7% with an expected yield of about 97.7 pounds per cow per day for 87.4 pounds per cow before using the technology. the impact of the use of clear technical and increase the expected return of the cows used our farms under study, which requires dissemination of the use of the technology on the rest of the cattle farms in all parts of the country because of its great economic returns.

A total of 75 pyogenic samples were collected from patients examinated for pyogenic infection in Sednawy hospital and Elmokhtaber laboratories. S. aureus isolated from pleural fluid out of five S. aureus (+ve coagulase, MSSA) exhibits resistant against all the concentration of Ciprofloxacin 0.5-20, Gentamycin 0.5- 5.0 µg/100µl and Amikacin 1 µg/100µl. The highest potent of phytoextracts either extracted by water or methanol was detected by clove comparing with mint, thyme, sage and garlic, whereas garlic essential oil gave completely abolish of S. aureus (P.F). The highest synergism was obtained in combination between the lowest inhibitory concentration of Gentamycin 10 µg/100µl  or Vancomycin 1 µg/100µl or Amikacin 2.5 µg/100µl with thyme Eso (1:3), which resulted to increase the efficacy by 4.4 or 1.5 or 1.6 respectively  comparing to recommended dose of the tested antibiotics alone. Increasing the concentration of garlic essential oil (GEso) from 10 up to 100 µl/well increment the efficacy of inhibition up to 10, 3.7 and 4.5- fold when standard dose of Gentamycin, Vancomycin and Amikacin were used individually against S. aureus P.F. The minimum bactericidal concentration of garlic essential oil was recorded at 2 µl/ml as it resulted to reduce the count to be 0.04%. Analysis of garlic essential oil by GC-MS dedicated six sulfur compounds represented 88.8644% of total detected compounds in garlic essential oil.

The poultry production sector occupies an important position among the animal production sectors, as one of the main sources of animal protein in Egypt, with a value of about 32.4 billion pounds, representing about 28.9 % of the value of animal production in 2014. This is due to the features of this sector of the short production cycle, the speed of capital turnover, as well as the high economic return. The problem of the study is the large variation in poultry prices between production areas and consumption areas, Indicating an inefficient transport system, which is considered one of the most important marketing services for this fast food commodity death under the prevailing climatic conditions, thus ensuring that they reach the consumer as quickly as possible. The study aimed is to propose the best transportation model to transport poultry production from surplus with poultry to those of shortage with poultry governorates, to reach the shortest distance marketing to minimize transport costs and time. The study used the transportation problem as one of the operation research tools to rationalize the poultry redistribution between surplus and shortage governorates during three scenarios. The study showed under the assumption of the first scenario (production and consumption are expected firming), that the expected quantity to be transported to the shortage governorates to be about 817.4 thousand tons represent about  25.3% of the total production of the republic during the year 2020, Under the proposed model, the least cost of the transfer is estimated at 69.9 million units/km / ton, are estimated quantities transported about 2.5 million tons, represent about 78.1% of the total production at the level of the republic of that model estimated at 3.2 million tons during 2020. The study also showed that under the assumptions the second scenario (lower production 10% and consumption firming), that the expected quantity to be transported to the shortage governorates to be about 850.7 thousand tons represent about  29.2% of the total production of the republic, Under the proposed model, the least cost of the transfer is estimated at 76.9 million units / km / ton, are estimated quantities transported about 2.2 million tons, represent about 75.8% of the total production at the level of the republic of that model estimated at 2.9 million tons. Under the assumption of the third scenario (Production firming and lower consumption 10%) that the expected quantity to be transported to the shortage governorates to be about 702.3 thousand tons represent about 21.7% of the total production of the republic, Under the proposed model, the least cost of the transfer is estimated at 573. million units / km / ton, are estimated quantities transported about 2.5 million tons, represent about 78.1% of the total production at the level of the republic of that model estimated at 3.2 million tons. The study recommended the use of scientific methods to rationalize the transport process between the governorates thus achieving cost and time to transfer at least on the side and the other side reduce wastage circulation which serves to provide the appropriate poultry prices.

Salinity is a stress factor affecting the production of crop in many regions.  Calcium can reduce Na+ transport to shoots in rice. Two greenhouse experiments were conducted in Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Egypt, during 2015 growing season of rice to evaluate the effect of different calcium concentrations on survival percent along with uptake of Na+ and Cl- ions by two varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L.) differing in salt-tolerance. The first experiment was undertaken to study the effect of different calcium concentrations on survival percent of IR28 (salt-sensitive) and Nona Bokra (Salt-tolerant) seedlings which were transferred to salinized nutrient solution containing 0.5% NaCl and a variable calcium concentrations at 4, 40, 100 and 200 ppm; plants were grown up to 40 days. The second experiment investigated the effect of different calcium concentrations on growth, uptake and transport of Na+ and Cl- ions in the two rice varieties differing in salt-tolerance. The seedlings were transferred to salinized nutrient solution containing 0.5% NaCl and calcium ion concentrations at two levels, 4 and 40 ppm. Plants were harvested at 0, 1, 3, 5 and 7 days from salinization. The results indicated that the salt-tolerant variety (Nona Bokra) survived for more than 40 days under exposure to 0.5% NaCl when calcium concentration of the culture solution ranged from 40 to 200 ppm Ca++. The low calcium ion concentration (4 ppm) depressed the growth of plants at 5 and 7 days after salinization.  In Nona Bokra, the shoot had less sodium and Cl than the root. This implies that the salt tolerance of Nona Bokra may be attributed to the restricted translocation of Na+ and Cl- from the root to the shoot. Sodium as well as cloride content in the shoot of IR28 was more than twice that of Nona Bokra.  An adequate amount of Ca+2 tended to lower the salt injury caused by high levels of salinity in rice plants. The effect of calcium ion on salt tolerance varied greatly between Nona Bokra and IR28 varieties.

For improving the safety of filling cream, the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) system was applied during different preparation process. Different biological, chemical, and physical hazards that may exist in every preparing step of filling cream were identified and control measures were used for controlling those identified hazards. Dried milk powder was identified as high potential hazard raw materials contaminated with pathogenic bacteria e.g. S. aureus and Salmonella sp. Whipping step in preparing filling cream was identified as critical control point. For improving the safety of preparing filling cream system, different control measures including, thermal processing (pasteurization), addition of natural preservatives (lemongrass oil and herbs of cinnamon, clove and anise) and reduction of pH (fruit pulps of strawberry, apricots and apple) were established. Different applied control measures could be used for improving the safety of prepared filling cream where different investigated microbiological criteria were reduced to acceptable levels especially pathogenic bacteria. In addition, different HACCP principles as the critical control points, critical limits, monitoring, corrective measures, verifications and records were established. Implementing the HACCP system during preparing filling cream can effectively ensure safety of this product and other food products contained filling cram especially bakeries.

The research aimed at studying current situation improvement for grain crops production to meet international and domestic demand needs regularly with stable prices and standard specification, through analysis and assessment Egyptian price policy for crops subject of study, using policy agricultural analysis matrix, partial equilibrium  model, measuring the impact of government interference on producers, consumers, foreign trade and government revenue as a result of implementing specific policy, and the impact of this on input and output utilizing efficiency, and on economic welfare on society and government revenue for those crops. The study indicates that, from calculating nominal protection coefficient, there was implicit subsidy for producers in the first period (2008-2010). In the second period (2011-2013) the subsidy decreased, taxes are imposed, and there was implicit taxes in the form of negative protection against producers and decrease in the consumer's subsidy proportion. As a result of studying domestic resource cost for the study crops, it showed that, the value of coefficient less than one to rice, wheat, and maize. Which indicate to the ability of the current economy to save foreign currency through domestic production, which reflect competitive efficiency in rice international market. The study also indicates the excessive in government revenue at the second period for all study crops, meanwhile there was deficit in the foreign exchange for wheat and maize, this is due to the decreasing in the domestic supply and the increasing in domestic consumption in light of low domestic price relative to international price. While there has been a decline in foreign exchange loss for rice in second period to first period reached about 45% because of the closeness between domestic prices and international prices. The loss in producers surplus for wheat and maize increased because of increasing in cost to returns, meanwhile it showed a decrease in producer net loss in the second period to the first period 12% approximately for rice because of farm price increase to reach the international price, also consumer surplus obtained advantages in all study crops in the tow period of the study. The study showed that, impact of net economic loss was negative at the tow period of the study for wheat and maize with a decreasing rate reached about 43% for wheat and 55%for maize, in contrast the net economic loss was positive for rice with decreasing rate reached about 62% in the first period. The research concluded with the following recommendations: -       Implementing fair price policy in it domestic price relative to international price for the study crops. -       Reduction direct and indirect taxes imposed on producers in ratio of 6% for wheat and maize crops and with 7% for rice. -       Subsidy imported and essential goods producers to diminishing consumers and producers net loss, to diminishing producers' burdens borne, and to provide foreign exchange to the stat. The need to provide economical and political stable atmosphere to the success of developing and prices policies in developing countries.

This study was carried out during 2013 and 2014 seasons to examine the effect of soil addition of Calcium nitrate at 1.0 kg/tree, borax at 25 g/tree and /or spraying of chelated-Ca at 0.03% and chelated-B at 0.025% on growth, yield and fruit quality of Washington Navel orange trees. Varying sources and methods of application for both Calcium and boron had an announced effect on growth, leaf content of pigments and nutrients, yield and fruit quality .Using both calcium and boron via leaves was superiors than using both via soil and using chelated form of both nutrients was favorable than using calcium nitrate or borax for Ca and B, respectively. Using Ca and B via leaves in chelated forms at 0.03 and 0.025% respectively gave the best results comparing with using both together via soil. A pronounced effect on yield and fruit quality of Washington Navel orange trees was obtained with spraying chelated-Ca at 0.03% plus chelated-B at 0.025 % three times at growth start, just after fruit setting and three weeks later.

The interaction of preservations, growth regulators and cold storage on vase life and quality of Lily (Lilium longiflorum) cut flowers were investigated. Lily cut flowers were treated with 1 ml mol silver thiosulfate (STS), 100 ppm gibberellic acid (GA3), 0.5 ml mol benzyl adenine (BA), 200 ppm citric acid and 4 % sucrose and then were placed in cold storage at 5 ºC for period of 1, 2 and 3 weeks. Vase life (days), fresh weight (%), total chlorophyll (%), total carbohydrate (mg / g d. w.), activity of catalase enzyme content (EU / 1 g f. w.) and amino acid of free proline content (mg / g d. w.) were determined. Cold storage for one week and pulsing with using material of GA3, BA and STS produced the longest vase life, the lowest catalase enzyme activity, the lowest content chlorophyll decreasing, the highest of total carbohydrate content and the lowest amino acid of free proline content.

The interaction of pulsing in preservatives, growth regulators and cold storage on vase life and quality of Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora) cut flowers was investigated. Chrysanthemum cut flowers were treated with benzyl adenine (BA), silver nitrate (AgNO3), cobalt sulfate (CoSO4) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and then were placed in cold storage at 5ºC for periods of 1, 2 and 3 weeks. Vase life, fresh weight, total chlorophyll and total carbohydrate were determined. Cold storage for one week and pulsing with BA and AgNO3 showed longest vase life, the lowest chlorophyll decrease and highest total carbohydrate content.

White coats worn by professionals in the medical field (students of health) or the work in the laboratory (students of Science), goal protect clothing from microbes.  In this study was determined the type of microbial contamination on the white coats and the potential risks of microbes. The study was done by a questionnaire for students and samples swabs of coats for 80 students from the Fac. of Health and Science. The results explained the presence of pathogenic bacteria causing inflammatory and dimples contaminated white coats, such as Erysipelothrio rhusiopathiae causing the h time skin, Micrococcus luteues causing chronic inflammatory skin ; bacterial meningitis and blood contamination unidentified Organism and Kocuria kristinae causing infections of the urinary tract infections, gallbladder and opportunistic bacteria and the spread of  nosocomial  infections, one of opportunistic pathogens. As well as  recorded  high proportion of serious fungi that cause various diseases and contamination of food such as Aspergillus niger ; Helminthosporium spp, Fusarium SPP, and Alternaria alternate . This study suggests that a large proportion of white coats may be a carrier of serious morbidity among female students in colleges is different, especially when not . There are laws and regulations in organizing wear these coats and the way to carry and learn how the daily cleaning of .