During summer seasons of 2015 and 2017, a field experiment was conducted at the Research and Experimental Station (30°19′ N, 31°16′ E), Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University at Shalakan, Kalubia Governorate, Egypt, to investi-gate the effects of combinations between hydroxyl apatite nanoparticles (0, 3, and 6 kg/fad) and cal-cium carbonate nanoparticles (0, 500g/fad) as nano-fertilizers under irrigaton intervals, (irrigation every 2 or 3 weeks whereas irrigation every 2 weeks as a recommended practice) on growth of soybean plants. Irrigation intervals had statistically significant effect on plant height (cm), number of branches per plant, number of leaves per plant, leaf area index, number of pods per plant, number of root nodules per plant, root dry weight per plant, stem dry weight per plant, leaves dry weight per plant and pods dry weight per plant. These results were fairly true in the two studied seasons 2015, 2017 and combined result. plant height, numbers of branches per plant, numbers of leaves per plant, leaf area index, number of nodules per plant and number of pods per plant of soybean plants which treated with 500 g/fed surpassed untreated plants in the two studied seasons 2015, 2017 and com-bined. Soybean plants treated with 6 kg hydroxyl apatite nanoparticles per feddan out-numbered other plants in its numbers of leaves per plant, leaf area index, number of root nodules per plant and number of pods per plant in the two growing sea-sons 2015, 2017 and combined data. Results showed that normal irrigation x 500g/fed calcium carbonate nanoparticles x 6kg/fed hydroxyl apatite nanoparticles was the effective combination for producing the highest values of plant height (cm), number of branches per plant, number of leaves per plant, leaf area index, number of pods per plant, number of root nodules per plant, root dry weight per plant (g), stem dry weight per plant (g), leaves dry weight per plant (g) and pods dry weight per plant (g). There weren’t significant results be-tween plants treated with nano-mineral fertilizers under irrigation every 3 week and plants untreated but irrigated every 2 week in all growth traits, which reflect appositive result of this chemical substance in mitigation harmful effect of water shortage in season 2015, 2017 and combined data.

This study was conducted to demonstrate the effect of feeding on defatted soy bean and flaxseed flour as protein and phytoestrogen sources; broccoli and red cabbage as antioxidant sources; in addition to skimmed milk powder as a calcium source in prevention of bone loss and cell damage that usually accompanies aging process. Raw materials were subjected to proximate analysis and biologically evaluation on ninety six 4 month aged female albino rats. Eight rats were regarded as an initial group. Other eight rats were hold as a normal negative control group and fed on a basal diet. The remaining rats were ovariectomized and fed on low calcium diet for 8 weeks to produce osteoporosis model. Osteoporotic rats were divided into 9 groups (each of 8 rats) fed on standard diet supplemented with: I) soy bean flour, II) soy bean flour and broccoli, III) soy bean flour and red cabbage, IV) soy bean flour and mixture of broccoli and red cabbage, V) defatted flaxseed, VI) defatted flaxseed and broccoli, VII) defatted flaxseed and red cabbage, VIII) defeated flaxseed and mixture of broccoli and red cabbage. Skimmed milk powder and vitamin D were added to the diet of each tested group. One group was kept as a positive control and fed on a standard diet. The results showed a decreases in body weight, changes in relative weight of kidney and liver organs, physical properties of bone, also decreases in serum and bone minerals including; calcium, magnesium and phosphorus in osteoporotic model .A decreasing in estradiol and increasing in parathyroid hormone as a bone marker were also found. Results observed in tested groups showed that the highest recovery for the parameters were found in group IV which fed on standard diet supplemented with soy bean flour and mixture of broccoli and red cabbage followed by group VIII which fed on standard diet supplemented with defatted flaxseed and a mixture of broccoli and red cabbage. Therefore, it could be concluded that the aforementioned mixtures may be a promising sources to produce a functional food for prevention of bone loss and cell damage.

Due to deleterious impacts of broomrapes against the host plants, its combating is ‎essential for sustaining crop productivity. Thus, two–year field trail was conducted at ‎El Nubaria experimental farm, National Research Centre, Egypt, on two faba bean ‎genotypes (Misr–3 and Sakha–1) to investigate the importance of butyl–iso–butyl ‎phthalate as an activator for broomrape germination in comparison to glyphosate and ‎unweeded. Findings revealed that glyphosate in 2015/16 and 2016/17 seasons in ‎addition to butyl–iso–butyl phthalate in 2016/17 season caused significant reductions ‎in broomrape biomass and numbers of broomrape–infected faba bean plants plot−1 ‎compared to the unweeded. Plots of Misr–3 genotype treated with butyl–iso–butyl ‎phthalate in both season as well as plots of Misr–3 or Sakha–1 sprayed by glyphosate ‎in the first season achieved the maximum seed yield of faba bean. Since butyl–iso–‎butyl phthalate exhibits suicidal germination of broomrape seeds, it can be exploited ‎as an effective and helpful tool in integrated management programs of broomrape in ‎faba bean fields. ‎ Due to deleterious impacts of broomrapes against the host plants, its combating is ‎essential for sustaining crop productivity. Thus, two–year field trail was conducted on ‎two faba bean genotypes (Misr–3 and Sakha–1) to investigate the importance of ‎butyl–iso–butyl phthalate as an activator for broomrape germination in comparison to ‎glyphosate and unweeded. The trail design was a strip–plot in completely randomized ‎block design in six replications. Genotypes occupied the vertical main plots as well as ‎broomrape control treatments distributed in horizontal ones. Results showed that ‎broomrape biomass and numbers of broomrape–infected faba bean plants plot−1 ‎markedly responded to weed control and genotype and their interaction in both ‎seasons, except numbers of broomrape–infected plants of faba bean genotypes plot−1 ‎in 2016/17 season. Also, findings revealed that glyphosate in 2015/16 and 2016/17 ‎seasons in addition to butyl–iso–butyl phthalate in 2016/17 season caused significant ‎reductions in broomrape biomass and numbers of broomrape–infected faba bean ‎plants plot−1 compared to the unweeded. In plots of Misr–3 or Sakha–1, glyphosate ‎was the potent practice for reducing broomrape biomass and numbers of broomrape–‎infected faba bean plants plot−1 in 2015/16 and 2016/17 seasons, with no significant ‎differences with butyl–iso–butyl phthalate application in 2016/17 season. There were ‎no noticeable variations between weeded practices and genotypes and their interaction ‎on total dry weight of faba bean plants estimated at 105 DAS, in both seasons, except ‎glyphosate x Misr–3 interaction in the first season only. Plots of Misr–3 genotype ‎treated by butyl–iso–butyl phthalate in both season as well as plots of Misr–3 or ‎Sakha–1 sprayed by glyphosate in the first season achieved the maximum seed yield ‎of faba bean. Since butyl–iso–butyl phthalate causing suicidal germination of ‎broomrapes seeds, it can be exploited as an effective and helpful tool in broomrape ‎management programs in faba bean fields. Genotype; Orobanche spp; Parasitic ‎weeds; Suicidal germination; Vicia faba ‎

Twenty-one new promising lines in addition to four standard cultivars of snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were evaluated under eight environmental conditions (four sowing dates in two seasons of 2015/2016 and 2016/2017). A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates was used for each sowing date at Barrage Horticulture Research Station (BHRS), Qalubia Governorate, Horticulture Research Institute (HRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Egypt. Data were recorded for some traits i.e., number of days to flowering, pod length, pod diameter, fiber content, total green yield and rust disease severity. The results showed that the linear response of environments was highly significant for all studied characters, indicating the differences between environmental conditions and their considerable influence on these traits. Mean squares of genotypes (G) were highly significant for all studied traits, suggesting the presence of wide range of differences between studied genotypes concerning all investigated traits. Mean squares of the other main sources of variation, i.e., years (Y) and sowing dates (D) were also highly significant for all traits except year for total green yield/feddan trait. The mean square due to environment + (Genotypes × Environment) was significant for all studied traits, indicating that there was a considerable interaction of genotypes with environmental condition in different eight environments. Significance of Genotypes × Environment (linear), reveals that genotypes differed in their considerably across different environments. The linear response of environments was highly significant for total green yield trait, indicating that genotypes differed in their regression on the environmental index. The results of stability analysis conclude that the six new lines G1, G2, G3, G7, G10 and G18, were the most stable genotypes, which gave the maximum total green yield overall the eight studied environments and were adapted to environments for total green yield. It is evident that these genotypes could be used as stress tolerant genotypes under stressed environments.

Noodles were prepared by incorporation varying blends (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80%) of rice flour in replacement of wheat flour. Noodle samples were evaluated for their proximate composition, scavenging activity, sensory properties and cooking quality characteristics. The proximate composition of uncooked noodles varied significantly, with increasing rice flour level that replaced wheat flour , a gradual decreases in moisture , ash , crude fiber and protein contents in noodle pastes were occurred , their values ranged between 4.02-5.33% ; 1.11-5.22% , 0.65-0.82% and 8.51-12.81% ,respectively. However, an increases in fats, total carbohydrates and energy value were take place ranging between 4.62-8.91 % , 71.11-76.74% and 377.64 - 421.43 kcal/100g, respectively .The antioxidant activity ranged between 22.2% for wheat based noodle (100% wheat flour) to 36.8% for sample containing 80% rice flour as scavenging activity for free radicals. The overall acceptability of wheat-based noodles (WF: RF 100:00) were rated superior for their sensory preferable characteristics. Among the blended flour noodles, the noodles incorporated with up to 40% rice flour received the same acceptability as wheat-based noodle. The cooking quality characteristics differed significantly among the noodle samples; the cooking time ranged from 6.5 to 10.3 min, it was more in wheat-based noodles than noodles from rice flour. Cooking loss; water absorption percent; cooked weight and swelling index values ranged from 0.1 to 0.6%, 137.1 to 231.6%, 23.74 to 33.24 g/g and 3.20 to 5.38 %, respectively; which revealed that a significant hindered was occurred in the functional paste properties and cooking quality parameters with increasing the level rice flour in noodles. The study indicated that, noodles prepared from mixtures of wheat and rice flour showed that the best acceptable sensory attributes and cooking quality characteristics were observed at blending ratio 40 : 60% rice flour : wheat flour . These findings enhance the utilization of non- conventional flours like rice flour for the development of value added noodles with reduced gluten content and boost nutritional value.

A total of 12, 36-week-old of Muscovy drakes were divided randomly into three equal groups (4 individuals each) and subjected to supplementation of VE-Se in combine form in drinking water. The first group was served as control group (C), while the second and third groups (T1 and T2) were supplemented with 1.0g/l and 1.5g/l of VE-Se in drinking water, respectively. The study was performed at poultry research station which belongs to department of poultry production, faculty of agricultural, Ain Shams University and lasted 30-dayes period during summer season. Semen quality traits in terms of ejaculate volume (ml), spermatozoa concentration (×109), sperm motility (%), dead and live (%), PH value and abnormal sperms (%) were determined. Sperm reserves in ducts, seminiferous tubules diameter (STD) and relative spermatogenic activity were also studied. The obtained results indicated that addition of vitamin E-Se improved ejaculate volume, sperm concentration and motility score, while reduced the percentage of abnormalities and dead sperms. Results showed that semen ejaculate volume was significantly increased (P<0.05) with increasing the level of VE-Se supplementation in drinking water. Spermatozoa concentration, progressive motility (%), and packed sperm volume were increased significantly with VE-Se treatment. The percentages of dead and abnormal spermatozoa were significantly decreased (P<0.01) in VE-Se treated compared with the control drakes. Concerning with the effect of two levels (T1 and T2) of VE-Se supplementation in drinking water of Muscovy drakes on the morphometric traits of testis, the obtained results showed that highly significant effects of antioxidant (VE-Se) supplementation on the morphometric of seminiferous tubules (p < 0.05) and the higher values of sperm reserves and spermatogenic activity percentage in both T1 (4.4/ml×109 and 82.8%) and T2 (4.5/ml×109 and 83.0%) compared with control group (3.2/ml×109 and 61.3%). We conclude that VE-Se supplementation could lead to greater economic benefits through increased reproductive efficiency within the ducks production industry.

ABSTRACT The effect of different nitrogen sources (glucosamine sulfate, ammonium sulfate, aspartic acid, phenylalanine and peptone) in comparison to sodium nitrate, the major nitrogen compound in basal agar Czapek’s synthetic medium growth were studied on the linear growth of Rhizoctonia solani and its pathogenicity on faba bean germinated seeds. Ammonium sulfate exhibited faster liner growth and showed the same effect as the basal medium with sodium nitrate while, glucosamine sulfate showed less growth rate compared with sodium nitrate. Glucosamine sulfate and ammonium sulfate showed significant reduction in number of infection cushions which led to significant decrease of disease index in vitro. Our results showed strongly significant positive correlations between disease index and both of diameters of hyphae and number of infection cushions while, very weak correlation coefficient was found between disease index and linear growth of R. solani. Under greenhouse conditions, glucosamine sulfate or peptone as a sole nitrogen sources in food requirements of Rhizoctonia solani inoculum depressed the virulence of the fungus. The effect of different amounts of glucosamine sulfate was determined on fungal growth rate, infection cushions, disease index in vitro and polyphenol oxidase activity. Increasing amount of glucosamine sulfate showed significantly reduction of growth rate in comparison to the basal medium with sodium nitrate. All seeds subjected to R. solani grown on different amount of glucosamine sulfate showed the lower number of infection cushions, disease index and polyphenol oxidase activity compared with sodium nitrate. Under greenhouse conditions, disease index showed significantly decreased effect when glucosamine sulfate used as soil applications and showed better effect on shoot weight and root weight compared with control plants treated with sodium nitrate. Our study proposes that glucosamine sulfate may acts as controlling factor of pathogenicity genes of R. solani. Key words: Rhizoctonia solani, faba bean, Vicia faba, nitrogen sources, glucosamine sulfate, pathogenicity.

The aim of this research was to utilization of the salt whey and milk permeate to produce exopolysaccharides (EPSs). Where cheese whey is simultaneously an effluent with nutritional value and a strong organic and saline content. However, it is drained in the sewers, the EPSs are highly heterogeneous polymers produced by different species of bacteria and have recently been attracting considerable attention from biotechnologists because of their potential applications in many fields. Thus, we have isolated some halophilic bacteria that showed the ability to produce EPS from whey and milk permeate. A total of 46 strains of moderately halophilic bacteria were isolated from two types of samples. The first type was dairy samples (Baramily cheese whey and mish cheese), while the second type was water samples (salty lake water and its sediments) of Wadi El-Natrun Valley (lakes Hamra, UmRisha, and Baida), Beheira Governorate, Egypt. From isolated strains there are twelve strains were having the ability to produce exopolysaccharides but only seven strains can produce EPS from whey and milk permeate. The growth conditions i.e. concentrations of NaCl, pH value and different incubation temperature, of isolates were determined. The effect of these conditions on the production of EPS was investigated. The obtained results indicated that the optimum conditions for the production of EPS by these strains were 10 % NaCl, pH 7 and the optimum incubation temperature was 37°C. Three strains showed the highest production of exopolysaccharides. These strains were identified using two methods the first method was biology system and the second one was 16S rRNA sequence analysis method. It could be identified as Alteribacillus bidgolensis and Bacillus licheniformis. Alteribacillus bidgolensis (strain P4B) produced the highest amount of EPS (52 g/L) from whey followed by Bacillus licheniformis (DSM 13) (42 g/L), while the highest amount of EPS produced from milk permeate was (43 g/L) by Alteribacillus bidgolensis (strain P4B) followed by Bacillus licheniformis (DSM 13) (36 g/L).

Bacterial wilt disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi, et al. (1995) is one of the most important bacterial diseases over the world. This study was planned to control the disease using interaction between biotic and abiotic agents, under greenhouse experiment. In vitro, tested bactericides (gentamycin, ceflaxcin and copper sulphate) were decreased growth of R. solanacerum compared with control treatment. Copper sulphate was the most effective compared with ceflaxcin and gentamycin, but ceflaxcin was moderately effective and gentamycin was less effective against the pathogen. Inhibition zone diameter was increased with increasing concentrations of tested bactericides. Application of different bio-agent isolates (Pseudomonas fluorescence, Bacillus subtitlis, Bacillus megaterium and Serratia mareacescne) were reduced the growth of the pathogen compared with control treatment. B. subtilis isolate was the most effective, but isolates of Ps. fluorescens and B. megaterium were moderately effective and S. marescences isolate was less effective against the pathogen. Greenhouse experiments, disease severity were decreased and potato yield were increased with interaction between bio-agents (Bacillus subtilis, and Pseudomonas fluorescence isolates) and bactericides (gentamycin and ceflaxcin), or bio-agents and resistance inducers factors (salicylic acid and jasmonic acid) or bactericides and resistance inducers factors compared with control treatment. However, interaction between bio-agents as tuber treatment and bactericides as soil drench treatment or interactions between bactericides as soil drench treatment and resistance inducers as foliar treatment were the most effective against the disease and the yield. But, interactions between bio-agents as soil drench treatment and resistance inducers as foliar treatment were moderately effective to control the disease and the yield. But, interaction between ceflaxcin as bactericide and Ps. fluorescens isolate as bio-agent or salicylic acid as resistance inducer were the most effective on disease severity and the yield compared with other treatments, but interaction between B. subtilis isolate as bio-agent and jasmonic acid as resistance inducer were less effective compared with other treatment.