A study was undertaken with an objective of evolving substrate specific customized non-starch polysaccharidase mixture for effective utilization of sorghum stover and groundnut haulm. Enzyme activity (IU/g) assay revealed that the activity of cellulose, xylanase and pectinase were 1368.33±23.30, 2294.16±65.17 and 930.83±52.22 respectively. All enzymes were found to have associate activity of other enzymes. An invitro trial was conducted to identify the concentration range of individual non-starch polysaccharidase enzymes required for inclusion to sorghum stover and groundnut haulm for maximum hydrolysis. A second invitro trial was conducted to identify the precise concentration of individual non-starch polysaccharidase enzymes required for inclusion to sorghum stover and groundnut haulm for maximum hydrolysis. The third in vitro trial was conducted to optimize the concentration of non-starch polysaccharidase mixture for inclusion to sorghum stover and groundnut haulm for maximum hydrolysis. The efficacy of customized non-starch polysaccharidase mixture was further evaluated at three levels (viz the selected level, 10% higher than selected level and 10% lower than the selected level)to arrive at their optimal level of inclusion separately for sorghum stover and groundnut haulm.

Food business incubation centre (FBIC) under the Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University established during 2014 hadfacilitated the farmers, students and entrepreneurs in terms of training, consultancy, external project and incubation services. To evaluate the performance of the Food Business Incubation Centre on incubation services, data were collected for a period of 10 years from 2014-15 to 2023-24 and analyzed. The study also included the available data from the financial year 2018-19 to 2023-24 to assess the types ofvisitors and their purpose of visit to the incubation centre and the data were analyzed. It was concluded that majority of the incubatees utilized the FBIC for the incubation services in the area of dairy processing. Totally 14 members successfully graduated of which 50 % of them were female. The highest number of visits was recorded during the financial year 2022-2023 and the maximum of the visitor category was students from schools and colleges and only 9.7 % of the visitors were business aspirants out of the total visitors during the study period.

The present investigation was undertaken to study the occurrence of enterotoxigenic B. cereus from 200 samples including 100 raw milk, 50pasteurized milk and 50 ice cream samples sold in Puducherry. The results revealed that 68 samples (34 %) belonged to B. cereus group which included 36 from raw milk (36%), 9 from pasteurized milk (18%) and 23 from ice cream samples (46 %). On PCR analysis, 64 out of 68 isolates showed the presence of gyrB gene which differentiates B. cereus from B. cereus group isolates. Multiplex PCR revealed the presence of four enterotoxigenic genes hblA, nheA, cytK and entF Min 32.35 %, 77.94 %>, 54.41 % and 94.12% of the 64 isolates. On biofilm production assay, out of 64 enterotoxigenic B. cereus isolates, 60 (93.75 %) isolates showed the ability to form biofilm in which 13 (20.31 %) were strong, 21 (32.81 %) were moderate and26 (40.63 %) were weak biofilm producers. All the isolates were resistant to ampicillin and penicillin G and sensitive to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, vancomycin, streptomycin and norfloxacin. The current study directs the need for proper hygienic measures during collection, production, processing and storage of milk to reduce the contamination level. It also indicates the need for surveillance and action to reduce the contamination of enterotoxigenic B. cereus in milk and milk products in Puducherry.

A Dalmatian dog -was brought to the Referral Veterinary Polyclinic, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar with a complaint of erythematous lesions, alopecia and intense itching and had been treated for a long time. Atopic dermatitis was diagnosed based on the history and the exclusion of other infectious agents as potential causes of the dermatitis. The dog was treated with oclacitinib, antibacterial, fatty acids and antihistaminic medications and showed remarkable improvement after therapy.

Organophosphates (OP) and carbamates are widely utilized insecticides, but they also pose significant risks as sources ofintoxicationfor both humans and animals. A male non-descript dog, seven years old was presented with a chronic respiratory distress, dysphonia, exercise intolerance, and neurologic signs to Veterinary Clinical Complex, VCRI, Orathanadu on April 2023. Physical examination revealed elevated rectal temperature and congested mucous membrane with elevated heart beat and respiratory rate. Thoracic auscultation revealed muffled heart sound. The dog's medical history indicated a potential case of organophosphate poisoning. Treatment involved administering atropine sulfate, normal saline, ceftriaxone, and furosemide. However, throughout the treatment process, the dog continued to experience upper respiratory stridor and dyspnoea. Clinical examination and radiographic observations confirmed the diagnosis of laryngeal paralysis. This case highlights the occurrence of laryngeal paralysis polyneuropathy complex in a canine affected by organophosphate poisoning.

In India, small and marginal farmers, comprising 85% of the farming community, are pivotal to the rural economy. Addressing the rising demands amidst agricultural resource scarcity requires a holistic approach like Integrated Farming System (IFS). This method combines crop production, livestock, fishery, waste management, and poultry production synergistically. IFS boosts productivity, utilizes resources efficiently, and enhances food production, stabilizing income and ensuring nutritional security. A study in Karaikal district, Union Territory of Puducherry, which was an agricultural land and the entire farm revealed a benefit­cost ratio of 1.75, demonstrating IFS's potential in overcoming population growth and resource challenges.

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of dietary supplementation of calcium, carnitine, zinc and their combinations for 5 weeks in eighty adult crossbred cocks which were divided into eight treatment groups each consisting of ten cocks. Cocks were fed with treatment diets. The treatment groups consisted of control (T1), control + calcium 2 per cent (T2), control + carnitine 250 mg/kg (T3), control + zinc 100 mg/kg (T4), control + calcium 2 per cent + carnitine 250 mg/kg (T5), control + calcium 2 per cent + zinc 100 mg/kg (T6), control + carnitine 250 mg/kg + zinc 100 mg/kg (T7) and control + calcium 2 per cent + carnitine 250 mg/kg + zinc 100 mg/kg (T8). Semen volume revealed no significant difference between treatment groups during five weeks period. Overall sperm motility was significant (P<0.01) between treatment groups except between T4 and T5 groups. Overall sperm concentration was significantly (P<0.01) higher in all treatment groups compared to control. Inclusion of calcium, carnitine, zinc and their combinations had significantly (P<0.01) reduced the overall dead and abnormal of sperms when compared to the control group. The results revealed that inclusion of 2 per cent calcium, 250 mg/kg of carnitine, 100 mg/ kg of zinc and their combinations in feed improved the sperm motility and concentration in cross-bred cocks. 

Ten cattle with severe generalised skin lesions due to dermatophilosis were taken up for the study. Typical exudative dermatitis lesions with matting of hairs, thick scab formation and fissures on the skin were noticed in lower limbs, udder, perineum, inguinal region, axilla, neck and ears. Haematological analysis revealed anaemia and an increase in the absolute eosinophil count in affected animals. Serum biochemical estimations revealed hypoalbuminaemia, hyperglobulinaemia, a decrease in A/G ratio, increase in the blood urea nitrogen value and decrease in the zinc level in affected animals

Di butyl phthalate (DBP) is a most important plasticizer which is suspected as reproductive toxicant and exposure to it has the  potential effect on the human as well as animal reproductive system. The research work was conducted to evaluate the repeated dose toxicity of di butyl phthalate in male wistar rats. The animals were divided in four different groups with 12 male rats in each group.  Group I served as control and was administered corn oil (2 ml/kg body wt.) while groups II, III, and IV were administered DBP orally at  the dose rate of 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg respectively for consecutive seven days. Three rats from each group were sacrificed at 24 hrs, 7th day, 14th day and 21st day after initial dosing. There was gradual decrease in WBC count, RBC count, Hb, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, gradual increase in albumin, gradual decrease in total protein, glucose values, gradual decrease in relative weights of the  testes, epididymis, prostate and seminal vesicles as well as increase in liver weight with increase in dose of DBP in group II, III and IV as compared to control group at different intervals of sacrifice. Grossly reductions in the size of testes were observed only in rats that belonged to high dose group IV on 21st day. The plasticizer DBP was found to produce histopathological lesions in male reproductive organs as well as in liver in dose dependent manner after oral administration. The finding suggested that DBP can cause toxicity  lesions in male reproductive organs especially in testes and epididymis at the dose rate of 500 to 2000 mg/kg body weight in wistar rats.

An investigation among fifty each tribal and non-tribal dairy farmers in four dairy dominated development blocks of Cachar district of Assam revealed that, among tribal and non-tribal farmers attitude towards dairy farming, economic motivation and source of motivation for dairy communication were found to have favourable scores with positive and significant correlation with communication behaviour. Regression analysis revealed that source of motivation for dairy communication crucially influenced communication behaviour of dairy farmers. Further, there louid significant difference between the tribal and non-tribal dairy farmers indicating sensitive strategies for dairy development in the area involving the veterinarians.