The importance of milk for the growth and health of a newborn offspring is well known. Milk contains immunoglobulin G (Ig G), Ig A, lactoperoxidase, lactoferin, cytokines, and growth factors. Osteopontin, one of the multifunctional proteins, is secreted by macrophages, T cell, and epithelial cells. Although osteopontin production in bovine milk have been documented, the precise expression levels in bovine milk have not been clarified. The aim of this study was to observe the expression of osteopontin, in bovine milk during the lactation period or bovine mammary glands.

The left main descending artery (LMDA) of left coronary artery (LCA) in rats runs around the left side of conus arteriosus after arising from the aortic sinus and descends to the apex of heart with branching several branches into the wall of left ventricle (LV). The ligation site of LMDA for myocardial infarction (MI) is the 2~4 mm from LCA origin, between the pulmonary trunk and left auricle. The characteristics that rat heart has no interventricular groove on the surface and its coronary arteries run intramyocardially with branching several branches give the difficulty in surgery for MI which resulted in expected size.

This study was designed to evaluate the antioxidative effects of Houttuynia cordata root on non-lipid oxidative damage. The antioxidative effects of methanolic (MeOH) extract of Houttuynia cordata root on non-lipid, including liposome oxidation, oxidation of deoxyribose, protein oxidation, chelating, scavenging, and 2'-deoxyguanosine (2'dG) oxidation were investigated. Houttuynia cordata root exhibited high antioxidative effect in a liposome model system. The inhibitory effect of MeOH extract on deoxyribose damage exhibited antioxidative effect and it afforded considerable protection against damage to deoxyribose.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is an important bacterial pathogen that causes chronic gastritis and is associated with gastroduodenal ulcer disease, adenocarcinoma of the distal stomach, and gastric lymphoma in humans. The differences of host susceptibility of H. pylori infection associated with host age have not been well-defined in human. To evaluate the difference in host susceptibility to infection in relation to age of acquisition of H. pylori infection, we designed an experiment involving inoculation of H. pylori ATCC 43504 at different ages of Mongolian gerbils.

A fourteen years old male oriental white stork from Korea Institute of Oriental White Stork Rehabilitation Research was presented to Veterinary Medical Center of Chungbuk National University with anorexia and lameness for 5 days. Bilateral intertarsal joint swellings were observed in physical examination. The radiographic findings indicated degenerative changes of joint cartilage and surrounding bones. In cytologic examination of synovial fluids, mononuclear leukocytic inflammation was identified. In blood films, a few fungal hyphae were observed and 2 fungal colonies were identified in blood culture on Sabroud dextrose agar.

A 3-year-old, intact female, Shih-tzu dog was presented with a 15-day history of vomiting, depression, and anorexia. On physical examination, systolic ejection murmurs with precordial thrill at the left heart base were detected. A diagnosis of congenital pulmonic stenosis (PS) was made mainly from the thoracic radiography, electrocardiography, and echocardiography. On complete blood counts and serum biochemistry profiles, the dog had already chronic renal failure (CRF). Thoracic radiography confirmed that main pulmonary artery was tremendously buldged and electrocardiography was suggestive of severe right ventricular hypertrophy.

This study was carried out to investigate the pathogenesis and pathogenicity of the porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) Korean isolate from weaned pigs. Twenty four weaned pigs, PCV2, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine parvovirus (PPV) antibodies free, were allocated to 4 groups (n=6). Six pigs were inoculated intranasally with PCV2 alone, 6 with PCV2 and PRRSV, 6 with the combined PCV2/PRRSV/PPV inoculum, and 6 were remained as a uninoculated negative control. Pigs were killed 3 and 6 weeks after inoculation and tissue samples examined for gross and microscopic lesions and for the presence of PCV2 antigens and nucleic acids.

Parallux (IDEXX Laboratories, USA), a solid-phase fluorescence immunoassay (SPFIA) developed for antibiotics residue detection in milk, was applied for analysis of antibiotics in muscle tissue of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli), and red sea bream (Pagrus major). Fishes were dipped in streptomycin 20 g/ton water, the recommended therapeutic dose, for 3 consecutive days. Muscle was sampled after 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th day drug treatment. The concentration of streptomycin in muscle, determined by SPFIA, was compared with that of internal standard (200 ppb as streptomycin).

The choice of input distribution in quantitative risk assessments modeling is of great importance to get unbiased overall estimates, although it is difficult to characterize them in situations where data available are too sparse or small. The present study is particularly concerned with accommodation of uncertainties commonly encountered in the practice of modeling. The authors applied parametric and non-parametric bootstrap simulation methods which consist of re-sampling with replacement, in together with the classical Student-t statistics based on the normal distribution.

Olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus is one of the most important cultured fish in Korea, its farming has been negatively impacted by viral, bacterial and parasitic diseases. Streptococcal infection was considered as a serious problem because of significant economic losses in olive flounder farm industry. The development and evaluation of vaccine for protection against infection by this agent were required. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of β-hemolytic Streptococcus (S.) iniae vaccine on olive flounder.