Identification of microorganisms, including bacteria, are widely used especially in environmental studies, biotechnology, clinical microbiology, microbial forensics, and in research study. The conventional method of bacteria identification is based on phenotypic observation techniques by profiling an organism’s metabolic attributes or some aspect of its chemical composition. Then, interpretation of test results involves substantial subjective judgement. Currently, general 16S rRNA sequencing and specific PCR play an important role in the accurate and faster identification of bacteria. The aim of this study is to compare the identification of the genus or species of bacteria from agricultural waste using conventional microbiology biochemical test and molecular techniques PCR 16S rRNA universal amplified ribosomal region (UARR) sequencing. A total of 72 agricultural waste samples and 2 ATCC culture as positive control were tested. Out of two ATCC bacteria and fifteen bacteria isolates identified by the biochemical test, twelve species (71%) of bacteria gave exactly the same bacteria genus as the 16S rRNA sequencing results. Aeromonas hydrophilia, Alcaligenes faecalis and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus was revealed as Pseudomonas sp. from the sequencing results. As for Alcaligenes sp., the results from the sequencing is Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Previous reports also showed different results of the same isolate which were from similar classification, and closely related to each other. The limited number of biochemical tests available in a laboratory will contribute to misidentification of a proposed specie.

Information on the nutritional content of animal feed is very important in improving milk production and the quality of milk produced. Data on the nutrition and nutritional quality of feed given to livestock are not comprehensively evaluated and recorded in any dairy farms in Johore. The objective of this study is to determine the nutritional content of selected feedstuffs, with production and quality of milk in selected dairy farms in Johore. Data were collected from 94 dairy farms during field visits through face-toface interviews. Feed samples collected were dairy cattle pellet, Napier grass, palm kernel cake, palm kernel expeller, soybean hull, corn, cassava peel and agricultural waste. Proximate analysis was performed using standard AOAC methods. The result of this study found that 67.0% of dairy farmers in Johore use Napier grass as the main source of fodder. The survey showed that 46% of the farmers in Johore give a suitable quantity of Napier grass based on body weight, while for milk production, the survey showed that 54 dairy farms in Johore produce less than 100 litres/day, 18 farms produce 101-200 litres/day, 12 farms produce 201-300 litres/day, and 10 farms produce more than 300 litres/day. The overall status of dairy farms in Johore shows that 60% of the farms produce an average of 5.1-10 litre milk per cow per day in which 92.5% of milk samples collected had acceptable Total Dissolved Solid values indicating good quality of milk production.