BACKGROUND: Babesiosis and Thosis are parasitic tick-borne diseases that cause a lot of economic loss in livestock Industry. Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to detect Babesia and Theileria infection in goats and and vector ticks in goats in Mashhad. Methods: One hundred blood samples of goats and 246 ticks were collected from some suspected flocks with history of piroplasmosis. The samples were transported to laboratory under cold condition. Blood smears were prepared and stained by Geimsa method and examined with a light microscope at ×1000 magnitude. The collected ticks were separated into tick pools of five according to their species and sex. The blood, salivary gland and ovaries of tick samples were examined using specific primers of Babesia.spp and Theileria.spp by semi nested-PCR. Results: Piroplasm bodies were not observed in any blood samples of goat in Mashhad. In a total of 246 collected ticks, seven species were identified as follows: R. turanicus 127(51.6%), D. marginatus 67 (27.2%), Hy. marginatum 44 (17.9%), R. sangunincus 4(1.6%), Hy. anatolicum 2(0.8%), Hy. asiaticum 1(0.4%) and Heam. sulcata 1(0.4%). Dominant tick species of goats in Mashhad suburb were R. turanicus and D. marginatus. The results of PCR showed that none of the blood samples were infected with Babesia spp. and Theileria spp. Also, Theileria infectoin was detected in a sample salivary glands  of Hy. marginatum. ConclusionS: Based on microscopic and molecular results, no  Theileria spp. and Babesia spp. infection were detected in goats. R.turanicus was the dominat tick species and Theileria spp. infection was detected in one sample of Hy.marginatum.

Ticks are blood-sucking arthropods that have negative economic impacts and can spread a variety of diseases through their bites. There are few reports on soft ticks (Acari: Argasidae) and tick-borne pathogens in southern Xinjiang, China. This investigation supplements the available information for this region and is concerned with an argasid tick, apicomplexan parasites of the Babesia and Theileria genera and a bacterium of the Anaplasma genus.

The Babesia is one of the most important parasites transmitted by hard ticks and is responsible for high infection and mortality rates in sheep herds in various countries of the world. The current study included the diagnosis of the Babesia parasite in 260 blood samples collected from sheep from different areas of the city of Mosul. Thin blood smears were prepared from them, stained with the Giemsa stain, and examined by using the light microscope. The Babesia species was diagnosed in 112 blood samples, with a total infection rate of 43.07%. Two species of Babesia were diagnosed: The large-sized Babesia (Babesia motasi) with a measurement rate of (3.76±0.83) x (2.39±0.78) and a range of (2.5-5) x (1-5) microns and small sized Babesia (Babesia ovis) with a measurement rate of 1.81±0.58 x (1.1±0.47) microns, with a range of (1-2.5) x (1.1-2.1) microns. The current study also included the possibility of using the fluorescent Acridine orange stain (AO) to stain 50 sheep blood samples. This stain was distinguished by its easily and speed in diagnosing infection with the Babesia parasite in blood smears within two minutes. This stain is useful in survey and epidemiological studies, but it is not useful in the specific identification of the parasite

Babesia occultans n. sp. originally obtained from engorged female Hyalomma marginatum rufipes collected from cattle in Northern Transvaal, transmission studies in laboratory strain of ticks and splenectomized cattle, morphological, serological, and cross-immunity studies distinguished parasite as previously undescribed species highly infective for H. marginatum rufipes but of low virulence in cattle, unsuccessful attempt to transmit transovarially with Boophilus microplus

A comprehensive study was conducted on the clinical observationsincluding clinical history, physical examination along with haematobiochemical alteration on 41 naturally occurring cases of canine babesiosis from Punjab state, India. Examination of 964 dogs revealed 4.25 percent (41/964) prevalence of the disease including 3.84 percent (37) B. gibsoni and 0.41 percent (4) B. canis infected cases. Clinical and parasitological diagnosis was finally confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. A large variation of clinical anifestations including rare findings of paraplegia, blindness, ocular bleeding, immune mediated haemolytic anaemia (IMHA), ascites and skin lesions were observed among the affected animals. Bloodfilms showed anisocytosis and nucleated erythrocytes indicating regenerative anaemia. Blood parameters of the affected dogs revealed significant decrease in Hb, TEC, PCV and thrombocytes. Significantdecrease in lymphocytes was found in B. gibsoni affected animals. The affected dogs showed significant increase in serum bilirubin, ALT, AKP, BUN and creatinine. Haemato-biochemical observations wereindicative of severity of babesiosis in dogs.

Babesia bovis, cell culture-derived vaccine administered to yearling heifers, immunologic protection against challenge, immune recognition manifested by anamnestic humoral response to challenge