Pathogenic bacteria causing diseases in broiler chicks are widely distributed. One hundred and fifty cases of broiler chick samples were obtained from 15 farms with complain of early mortalities. Out of them,  100 diseased and 50 freshly dead chicks aged 1 - 14 days were examined. Liver, heart blood, lung, yolk sac and thigh bones were collected . Bacteriological investigation in both diseased and freshly dead chicks revealed that the prevalence rate of E. coli was 70% with higher incidence in liver followed by yolk sac, S. aureus isolates represented as 18.5% mainly from thigh bone followed by liver, incidence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 20% mainly from yolk sac proceeded by liver,  Klebsiella pneumonia incidences was 13.3% with high rate from liver. Prevalence of all previous isolated bacteria was higher in freshly dead than in diseased chicks. Serological identification of 68 isolates of E. coli (64.8%) were typed with 5 different serotypes as 15 (O119:H6), 8 (O1:H7), 10 (O146:H21), 20 (O78), 8 (O29) and 7 (O144) while 37 (35.2%) were untyped.  E. coli antimicrobial resistance was performed with marked sensitivity reported with amoxicillin. PCR performed for detection of some  virulence genes mainly eaeA and iss from  E. coli isolates, and enterotoxin B (SEB) and enterotoxin D (SED) from S. aureus isolates  with positivity 100% for each genes. This study indicated presence of  some pathogenic bacteria in broiler chicks up to two weeks as  E. coli, S. aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae which cause diseases with a consequence of economic losses.

Smoked fish roes within cold smoked herring are considered a very popular ready-to-eat food in Egypt. Therefore, the microbial quality of fish roes should be of concern. The purposes of this study were to conduct bacterial analysis and the possibility of detection of foodborne pathogens. With limited application of dry heating at 85°C for 1 and 5 minutes to improve the safety of roes. To study the biogenic amines (BA) including spermine, putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, tyramine, and spermidine in fresh, heated at 85°C for 5 min, and stored at 0°C for 6 months smoked roes. Vibrio spp. including Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio furnissii, and Vibrio carcbariae were found in 5 samples (9.6%). One Salmonella spp. (1.9%) and one Listeria monocytogenes (1.9%), 4 Staphylococcus aureus (7.7%), and 3 Bacillus cereus (5.8%) pathogens. While Clostridium botulinum (vegetative forms) were not detected. None of the aerobic, anaerobic, or selective bacterial counts existed after heating smoked roes at 85°C for 5 minutes. The average of each BA in all samples was below 3mg/100g, which is less than the 5.0 mg/100g acceptable limit recommended by the US Food and Drug Administration. Histamine and tyramine only appeared after cold storage of roes at 0°C for 6 months. Cold smoked herring roe was low in acidity (pH: 5.92), high in moisture (68.5%), protein (61.37%), and lipid content (28.7%), thus it could support the bacteria growth. Additional measures are needed to reduce the possible health risks for fish roe consumers.

Neonatal calf diarrhea (NCD), is one of the prime fundamental health issues facing the cattle industry, and has resulted in significant economic losses. This study aimed at detection of the enteric pathogens in diarrheic calves. Another objective was to correrlate the existence of isolated enteric pathogens to the age and seasonal distribution of diarrheic parasitic and bacterial infections among calves. The bacterial isolates were identified biochemically and serologically. Moreover the samples were examined macro and microscopically to investigate the internal parasitic causes of diarrhea. Also, for Cryptosporidium spp. Oocysts were diagnosed using modified Ziehl-Neelsen stained smears. Out of 364 collected fecal samples, a total bacteria isolated was 356 and identified as 131 Escherichia coli (35.99%), 90 Salmonella enterica (24.72%); 50 S. typhimurium (13.73%) and 40 S. dublin (10.99%), 35 Citrobacter diversus (9.61%), 24 Klebsiella pneumonia (6.59%), 20 P. vulgaris (5.49%), 19 P. penneri (5.22%) and 37 Staphylococcous aureus (10.16%). Regarding the parasitological findings; Toxocara vitulorum was 19.8% (72 out of 364), Oocysts of Eimeria spp. were found in 26.9% (98/364), Cryptosporidium spp. was 29.4% (107 out of 364) and Giardia spp. infection was 14% (51 out of 364). In conclusion, NCD problem is a multifactorial in which bacterial and parasitological causes were the prime causes. Thus, regular monitoring and efficient treatment of bacteriological and parasitological causes of NCD are highly recommended.

Objective: The objectives of this study were to determine the richness, abundance, and diversity of bacteria in stray dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) infested by ticks in Comarca Lagunera, northern Mexico, and to establish their pathogenic and or/zoonotic potential. Materials and Methods: Blood samples from 12 dogs were collected, and their deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted. The V3-V4 region of the 16S ribosomal ribunocleic acid gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed on a MiSeq Illumina platform, and the data were analyzed using quantitative insights into microbial ecology. Results: The operational taxonomic units resulted in 23 phyla, 54 classes, 89 orders, 189 families, 586 genera, and 620 bacterial species; among them, 64 species and/or bacterial genera with pathogenic or zoonotic potential were identified, some of which have been reported in the literature as relevant to public health (Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Brucella spp., Clostridium spp., Corynebacterium affermentants, Cutibacterium spp., Dietzia spp., Ehrlichia canis, Fusobacterium necrophorum, Leptotrichia spp., Mycobacterium spp., Paracoccus spp., and Roseomonas gilardii). Conclusion: This research offers relevant information on the prevalence of tick-borne diseases as well as other potential zoonotic diseases in the blood of stray dogs parasitized by ticks in northern Mexico. New molecular biology and massive NGS techniques may play an important role in the study and documentation of bacterial profiles from animals in close proximity to humans. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2024; 11(1.000): 132-138]

Objective: To isolate and characterize cellulolytic rumen bacteria from the rumen of Sahiwal cattle using rumen bacterial inoculum to increase the nutritional value of rice bran used as broiler feed. Materials and Methods: The ruminal liquid was kept at an optimal pH of 6.9 and a redox potential of less than −300 mV while being incubated anaerobically at 39°C in a medium containing rumen fluid glucose cellobiose agar. By using the Hungate technique, the organisms were detected based on their morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular testing. Results: The findings revealed that the isolated Ruminococcus albus, and Ruminococcus flavifaciens were obligate anaerobic, generally Gram-positive, nonmotile cocci or rod, single or pair, occasionally short chain, producing yellow pigment when grown on cellulose, and having a clear zone around the colonies. Both isolate fermented sugars such as cellobiose, glucose, and lactose, as well as decomposed xylan. The results also showed that the isolates recognized as Ruminococcus spp., a cellulolytic rumen bacterium, were catalase-negative, indole-negative, and gelatin liquefaction-positive. Conclusion: Isolation and characterization of Ruminococcus spp. may be helpful for Bangladesh in reducing the cost of producing poultry feed and circumventing restrictions on rice bran use. We can also develop more efficient and long-lasting plans to enhance poultry performance and feed efficiency, as well as increase the nutritional value of rice bran used as broiler feed, by understanding how various Ruminococcus spp. function in this process. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2024; 11(1.000): 1-8]