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Characterization of Akabane virus (KV0505) from cattle in Korea
2008
Yang, D.K. (National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Anyang, Republic of Korea), E-mail: yangdk@nvrqs.go.kr | Kim, Y.H. (National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Anyang, Republic of Korea) | Kim, B.H. (National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Anyang, Republic of Korea) | Kweon, C.H. (National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Anyang, Republic of Korea) | Yoon, S.S. (National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Anyang, Republic of Korea) | Song, J.Y. (National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Anyang, Republic of Korea) | Lee, S.H. (Jeju Veterinary Research Institute, Jeju, Republic of Korea)
Akabane disease is caused by an arthropod-borne viral pathogen and leads congenital abnormalities of the central nervous system in infected ruminants. One isolate, KV0505, showed cytopathic effect in Vero cells. The KV0505 isolate was obtained from plasma, which was collected from a cattle raised on Jeju Island in May 2005. Jeju Island is located near the southern part of the Korean peninsula. The isolate was confirmed as Akabane virus (AKAV) by immunofluorescence assay using AKAV specific monoclonal antibodies and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Suckling mice inoculated with the isolate showed signs of paralysis and died within 10 days post-inoculation. Comparisons of the KV0505 N gene sequence with 39 other known AKAV strains revealed nucleotide homologies ranging from 83.6% (MP496 strain) to 99.7% (M171 strain). When compared with the K-9 strain, which was isolated from a cow in Korea in 1994, the nucleotide sequence homology with the N gene was 99.7%. Thus, genes of the KV0505 isolate were closely related to those of the M171 strain, which were clustered into the Ic group of AKAV.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Electrocution caused by a fallen electric wire in Korean native cattles
2008
Bae, Y.C. (National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Anyang, Republic of Korea), E-mail: baeyc@nvrqs.go.kr | Lee, K.H. (National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Anyang, Republic of Korea) | Yoon, S.S. (National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Anyang, Republic of Korea) | Heo, J.H. (Gyeongnam Livestock Promotion Institute South-branch, Tongyoung, Republic of Korea) | Lee, O.S. (National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Anyang, Republic of Korea)
We report the electrocution of Korean native cattle by a fallen electric wire, which caused the death of thirteen animals. The owner of the cattle felt an electric shock on touching the steel pen and found a fallen 220-V wire on the roof of the barn; additionally, the roof was singed. Clinically, the animals developed spasm, difficulty breathing, and excessive salivation. Histopathologically, many visceral organs revealed severe congestion or hemorrhage, which is consistent with previous reports. This study revealed that the proper installation of electric wires on farms is essential to prevent economic loss by electrocution.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Comparative studies of histopathologic pulmonary Lesion of cattle and deer tuberculosis by Mycobacterium bovis
2008
Jean, Y.H. (National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Anyang, Republic of Korea), E-mail: jean@nvrqs.go.kr | Roh, I.S. (National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Anyang, Republic of Korea) | Lee, K.H. (National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Anyang, Republic of Korea) | Lee, K.W. (National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Anyang, Republic of Korea) | Cho, Y.S. (National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Anyang, Republic of Korea) | Joo, Y.S. (National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Anyang, Republic of Korea)
Comparative studies of histopathologic lesions from 23 purified protein derivative (PPD) positive cattle, 21 slaughter cattle found with tuberculosis, and 11 tuberculosis-positive elk (Cervus elaphus) were performed. PPD positive cattle did not show specific histopathologic lesions in all 23 heads that were no visible lesion reactor. Slaughter cattle found with tuberculosis revealed microscopically classical granulomatous lesion (tubercle) with central caseous necrosis surrounded by mantle of epithelioid cells and Langhan's giant cells capsuled by connective tissue in lung. Elk was noted with some different lesion patterns with classical granulomatous lesion and suppurative abscesses that was composed of fibrin, degenerated cells without having connective tissue. In addition, many Langhan's giant cells infiltration in alveoli at peripheral lesion were observed in some cases of classical granulomatous lesion and suppurative abscesses.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Idiopathic eosinophilic myositis in Korean native cattle (Bos taurus coreanae)
2008
Rhee, S.H. (Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea) | Yu, I.J. (Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea) | Kim, J.H. (Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea) | Kwon, J.K. (Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea) | Park, J.H. (Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea) | You, M.J. (Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea) | Lee, J.W. (Jeongeup Branch, Institute of Livestock and Veterinary Research, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea) | Park, H.J. (Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea) | Chekarova, Irina (Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea) | Camer, Gerry Amor (University of Eastern Philippines, Catarman, Northern Samar, Philippines) | Lim, C.W. (Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea) | Kim, B.S. (Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea), E-mail: bskims@chonbuk.ac.kr
Eosinophilic myositis lesions are characterized by severe eosinophil infiltration along muscles of affected animals. The exact cause of the lesion remains controversial and the carcass is condemned once this lesion is seen during meat inspection. A cow slaughtered in Chonbuk province, Korea was observed to have disseminated pale foci throughout the musculature; meat samples were obtained and macroscopically investigated. Cut ends of neck and thigh muscle tissues showed variably sized, multifocal pale white-grayish nodular lesions. Histopathological examination consistently revealed inflammatory lesions with adjacent infiltration of eosinophilic granulocytes and focal necrotic calcification. However, no parasites, including Sarcocystis sp., could be discerned in the affected carcass. This case was diagnosed as idiopathic eosinophilic myositis in cattle.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Effects of anti-tick cocktail vaccine against Rhipicephalus appendiculatus
2008
Imamura, S.(Hokkaido Univ., Sapporo (Japan)) | Konnai, S. | da Silva Vaz, I.Jr. | Yamada, S. | Nakajima, C. | Ito, Y. | Tajima, T. | Yasuda, J. | Simuunza, M. | Onuma, M. | Ohashi, K.
Rhipicephalus appendiculatus serpin-3 (RAS-3), R. appendiculatus serpin-4 (RAS-4) and a 36kDa immuno-dominant protein of R. appendiculatus (RIM36) were reported as candidate antigens for the anti-tick vaccine to control ixodid ticks. In the present study, we generated recombinant proteins of RAS-3 (rRAS-3), RAS-4 (rRAS-4) and RIM36 (rRIM36), and assessed their potency as an anti-tick cocktail vaccine in cattle model. RT-PCR analysis showed that RAS-3, RAS-4 and RIM136 transcripts were detected in both adult male and female ticks during feeding. Immunization of cattle with the combination of rRAS-3, rRAS-4 and rRIM36 had raised antibodies against all recombinants and anti-sera had reacted with the molecules from the tick salivary gland extract. Tick infestation challenge demonstrated protective immunity against female ticks, resulting in mortality rates of 39.5 and 12.8 % for the vaccinated and control groups, respectively. Moreover, the mortality rate of Theileria parva-infected female ticks was 48.5 and 10.8 % in the vaccinated and control group, respectively. In order to evaluate the levels of pathogen transmission capacity by T. parva-infected ticks fed on immunized cattle, the occurrence of T. parva in the bovine parotid lymph node and peripheral blood was also determined and quantified by real-time PCR. Although the infection with T. parva could not be protected by the vaccine, the occurrence of pathogen in peripheral blood was delayed 1 to 2 days after the infestation challenge in vaccinated group. These results suggest that this cocktail vaccine plays a role in the prevention of tick infestation.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Availability of oral swab sample for the detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) gene from the cattle persistently infected with BVDV
2008
Tajima, M.(Hokkaido Univ., Sapporo (Japan)) | Ohsaki, T. | Okazawa, M. | Yasutomi, I.
Bovine nasal and oral discharges were used as samples for bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) gene detection. Viral genes in serum (S), nasal discharge (N) and oral discharge (O) were quantified with real-time polymerase chain reaction using SYBR Green by the relative quantification method, and findings were compared among samples. Although the quantity of the BVDV gene in S was greater than those in N and O, all samples were available to identify persistently infected (PI) cattle with BVDV by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The swab samples were able to be stored for a few days at 4degC with a little decrease of amplification signal in RT-PCR. Oral swab sampling was easier than nasal swab sampling, and was also less uncomfortable for the cattle than other sampling methods without pain or unnecessary retention. This sampling method can be performed without any special technique and equipment. Therefore, the oral swab sampling method is useful for screening to detect BVDV PI cattle by RT-PCR.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Задачи зооспециалистов по профилактике нарушений обмена веществ у высокопродуктивных животных
2008
Zhuk, L.L., Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine (Belarus)
Definition of quality parameters and chemical composition of feeds, evaluation their nutritional value and composing on this basis optimal rations for high productive animals are the most significant conditions for their health and production. More often metabolism disorders registers in the conditions of intensive animal production, at high dairy efficiency and intensive fattening. At animals at disorder of key parameters of technology (unbalanced feeding, hypodynamia, lack of insolation) is broken metabolism, decreases natural resistance, goes down quality of production that conducts to disease, premature culling and to the compelled slaughter of animals. On frequency these diseases occupy on the average 10% from all noncontagious diseases, and on dairy complexes with industrial technology and in specialized feeding economy at intensive cultivation on their share it is necessary over 30% of a noncontagious pathology. Today the control of rations on such indicators, as dry matter level, quantity of exchange energy, the maintenance of a crude and digested protein, amino acids, sugars, starch, cellulose, fat, macro-and microelements, vitamins, and also sugar-energy-protein and calcium-phosphoric parities, acid-base balance has got special value. The lack of those or other nutrients causes infringement of a clinical condition of animals and reduces their efficiency. Among the most widespread diseases of the animals registered in animal industry: cattle ketosis, osteodystrophy, endemic struma, hypomagnesiemia tetany, pasturable tetany, microelementosis, hypovitaminoses A and Е.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Влияние уровня обменной энергии в рационе на продуктивность молодняка крупного рогатого скота
2008
Lemeshevskij, V.O., National Academy of Sciences. Scientific and Practical Center of Animal Breeding (Belarus)
Improvement of the standards of energy and protein diets of young stock cattle of 1-6 month old and determination of its influence on animal productivity was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. The studied made it possible to determine that at the age of 1 month the calf diet should contain 1,02 kg of dry matter and 21,2 MJ of metabolic energy; at the age of 2 months - 1,26 kg and 23,5 MJ; at the age of 3 months - 2,2 kg and 25,6 MJ; at the age of 4 months - 2,9 kg and 31 MJ; at the age of 5 months - 3,28 kg and 34,2 MJ; at the age of 6 months - 3,76 kg and 37,6 MJ, respectively. Metabolic energy concentration per 1 kg of dry matter should not be lower than 20,7 MJ at the first month, 19 MJ - at the second month, after the third month it should lower up to 10 MJ. In course of 6 months the presented diet scheme made it possible get 832 g of average weight gain in the conditions of forage expenses of 3,52 forage units per 1 kg
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Болезни печени крупного рогатого скота на откорме
2008
Golub, A.A., Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine (Belarus)
The purpose of the research was establishment of hepatic diseases spread in cattle fattening. Trials were conducted with total number of hybrids IV-V generation of black-motley heifer with pedigree Hereford bulls. It has been established the wide spread (22,4%) of hepatic pathology. The leading place among all hepatic pathologies belongs to fatty hepatosis (13,4%) with weakly expressed symptoms, decrease of serum protein level, albumin, glucose and increase of bilirubin, globulins, hepatic enzymes and strong pathology-anatomical and histological manifestations. In the tabular form results of histologic research of liver, some biochemical indicators of blood of healthy and sick animals (M +/- m), the clinical symptoms revealed during the various periods are resulted | Целью исследований являлось изучение структуры и установление широты распространения болезней печени у крупного рогатого скота на откорме. Опыты проведены на широком поголовье помесей IV-V поколения тёлок чёрно-пёстрой породы с племенными быками герефордской породы. Установлено широкое (22,4%) распространение гепатопатий. Ведущее место среди различных форм поражения печени принадлежит жировому гепатозу - 13,4%, морфофункцинальный профиль которого определяется слабо выраженными клиническими симптомами, уменьшением уровня общего белка, альбуминов, глюкозы, повышением концентрации билирубина, активности гепатоспецифических ферментов, а также всех фракций глобулинов, яркой и характерной патологоанатомической и гистологической картиной. В табличной форме приведены результаты гистологического исследования печени, некоторые биохимические показатели крови здоровых и больных животных (M +/- m), клинические симптомы, выявленные в различные периоды
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Роль внешней среды и индивидуальных особенностей организма при получении эмбрионов крупного рогатого скота in vitro
2008
Gandzha, A.I. | Letkevich, L.L. | Rakovich, E.D. | Kostikova, I.V., National Academy of Sciences. Scientific and Practical Center of Animal Breeding (Belarus) | Motuzko, N.S., Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine (Belarus)
Determination of the optimum parameters of cattle embryos production in vitro from high-producing cows after their slaughter on a meat-packing plant was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. Oocyte cumulus complexes of cows of black-motley breed and the conditions of their maturing were used as the object of experimental research. Oocyte cumulus complex were allocated with dissection of ovaries tissue placed into Hanks culture medium. The search and morphological estimation of quality of received oocyte cumulus complexes were realized by microscopic research. Then, the oocytes were placed into a culture medium for cell maturing in СО2-incubator at 38,5 deg C with the maximum humidity (98%), with presence of 5% СО2 under a layer of mineral oil for 24 hours. Matured oocytes were impregnated with the frozen-thawed sperm after capacitation. Oogenesis efficiency of production of pre-implantation germs in vitro was determined in accordance with the level of embryonic fission and production of viable germs. Use cumulus cells monolayer made it possible to increase the quantity of ripened oocytes on 5,2-5,7%, level of embryonic fission - on 14,0-14,6% and production of embryos - on 13,8-12,5% depending on a way of its production in comparison with groups of the cells which were cultivated without a monolayer. Thus, the research has shown the exploitability of use of cellular reproductive technologies in selection and breeding activities in cattle breeding. Their application in combination with embryo transplantation could make it possible to use the reproductive potential of high-priced oocyte donors more effectively for the genetic improvement of animal population efficiency
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