This study was designed to evaluate the protective effects of turmeric rhizome powder (TRP) against the harmful effects of heat stress (HS) on some biochemical parameters and antioxidant status. Four groups were formed entirely from 72 one-day-old chicks with an initial body weight average of 45.0±3.0 g, including the basal diet: TNC: no supplements were added to the diet (control group); TN-TRP: 300 g TRP /100 kg of feed was supplemented; HS-control: no supplements were added, and the birds were exposed to heat stress; and HS-TRP: 300 g TRP/100 kg of diet was supplemented and the birds were exposed to heat stress) for 35 days. Heat stress groups were subjected to thermal stress (40.0± 5.0 ˚C) for 8 hours per day from the 21st day to the end of the experiment. At the end of the trial, four healthy birds were randomly selected from each group and slaughtered for sampling and analysis. The serum total protein, albumin, ALT, AST, uric acid, and urea were significantly decreased by the dietary TRP when compared with the HS-control group while creatinine was not affected significantly. The serum total lipid and malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly dropped but catalase enzyme activity increased. The gene expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR-α), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α), and superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1) were significantly increased by TRP addition. The results suggest that a TRP-supplemented diet affected some biochemical parameters and improved the antioxidant status and expression of studied genes.

The aim of this research was to test the hypothesis of an improved growth, feed utilization efficiency, and economic efficiency (EE) of broiler chickens reared on different diets supplemented with spirulina (SPA), cinnamon oil (CO) and citric acid (CA). Total of 128 broiler chicken were divided randomly in to 4 group 32 chicks for each, with 4 replicants (8 bird/replicant).  Group1 (control) fed diet without any additives. Group2 fed control diet + spirulina (2g /kg feed). Group3 fed control diet + cinnamon oil (1ml /kg feed). Group4 fed control diet + citric acid (5g /kg feed). The result indicated that SPA, CO, and CA has a significant effect at (p<0.05) on growth performance parameters (feed intake (FI), weight gain (WG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR)). SPA recorded the highest FI while CA recorded the lowest value. It was noticed that SPA and CA do better than CO in live weight and weight gain. The best FCR was in CA group (1.61). SPA and CA has considerable effect at (P<0.05) on dressing percent while, CO had no significant effect. CO and CA had a significant impact at (P<0.05) on thymus relative weight. From The Economic point of view CA and SPA in the select doses had improved economic measures and relative economic efficiency (REE) indicating high return and net profit, benefit cost ratio, profitability percent, net profit margin. In contrast CO had no distinct effect on these parameters in the selected dose. Bearing in mind that citric acid had a preference in improving economic efficiency over spirulina. SPA, CO and CA may be used as feed additives for broiler chicken to enhance growth performance, Economically CA and SPA in the selected doses is better to increase return and profitability. Citric acid has the advantage in terms of its presence in the market and its low price compared to spirulina.

This research aimed to investigate the impact of a high-fiber diet with an additional dietary supplement prebiotics, probiotics, and organic acid on the performance, carcass characteristics, meat yields, intestinal microbial load, and immunity of broiler chickens. A total of 500 newly hatched one-day-old Cobb 500 broiler chicks, with similar average body weights of 35-40g, were randomly assigned to four treatment groups: control (high fiber diet), prebiotics (Inmunair 17.5), probiotics (ProBax®), and organic acid (acetic acid 1% in drinking water). Each treatment group consisted of five replicates, with twenty five birds in each replicate, and the experiment lasted for 33 days. The birds were raised under standard conditions and fed with experimental diets formulated to meet their nutritional requirements. The results showed that broilers in the probiotics and prebiotics groups exhibited improved growth performance, body weight gain, and feed conversion rate compared to the organic acid group. Carcass traits, including live chicken body weight, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) weight, and GIT/Chick weight ratio, were also significantly better in the probiotics and prebiotics groups than in the organic acids group. Moreover, the intestinal bacteriological analysis indicated lower total bacterial counts in the probiotics and prebiotics groups, suggesting better gut health. The findings from this study may have implications for the poultry industry, providing valuable guidance for the development of practical and sustainable strategies to improve broiler production and meat quality. Further research in this area is warranted to explore the long-term effects and economic viability of incorporating dietary fiber, prebiotics, probiotics, and organic acids into broiler diets.

Avian colibacillosis is one of the most serious diseases that affect poultry and causes substantial morbidity and mortality rates as well as high economic losses. E. coli, are capable of acquiring resistance genes via gene transfer. The development of extended spectrum lactamases, or broad-spectrum lactamases, in E. coli is the most serious resistance mechanism. The goal of the current study was to detect the resistance associated genes of multi drug resistant E. coli isolated from broiler chicken by using PCR technique. In the current study PCR applied on 10 multidrug resistant E. coli isolates for detecting β-lactamases resistance genes (blaTEM, blaSHV), integron resistance gene (Int1, Int3), PCR was also used to detect disinfectant resistance genes as Quaternary ammonium compounds resistance genes (QacCD, QacA/B and QacED1). PCR results for antibiotic resistance associated gene showed that (10/10) of tested isolates had blaTEM and int1(10/10), blaSHV (6/10) and int3 (2/10) also PCR results for disinfectant resistance associated genes showed that (8/10) of E. coli isolates had QacED1, QacCD (2/10), and QacA/B (2/10). The (10) broilers flocks investigated in the study were infected with multi drug resistant, strains of E. coli, that haboured β-lactamases, integron resistance associated gene and quaternary ammonium compounds resistance genes.

Chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) is an immunosuppressive viral disease causing high economic losses in poultry industry. In this study, 20 farms were represented for a prevalence study of the disease in Ismailia governorate, Egypt.ON532690.1 and ON532691.1 Isolates from bone marrow, thymus loops, liver, and spleen of broiler farms exhibiting some clinical and postmortem signs were used for reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay. RT-PCR was used to amplify a 418bp product of the CIAV VP1 gene. Three farms out of 20 (15%) were positive. Phylogenetic tree of partial vp1 amino acids were classified into three groups according to change in H/22/N-Q amino acid indicated that there are three CIAV different strains circulating in Egypt. Hematological investigation revealed significant decrease in RBCs count, hemoglobin concentration, and packed cell volume declared normocytic normochromic anemia.The immunological studies revealed a significant decrease in serum lysozyme, nitric oxide (NO), antioxidants (CAT and GSH), total protein,and in the majority of serum protein fractions in infected chickens (G2) compared to apparently healthy (G1) while there were marked increase in G2 than G1 in A: Gratio. This result guides to review the vaccination programs against CIAV in Egypt forimproving the immune response against the infection.

Consumption of poultry contaminated with Campylobacter jejuni is the main source of sporadic campylobacteriosis in humans, while fluoroquinolone resistance is increasing in Campylobacter jejuni isolated from poultry. The aim of this study was to detect the incidence of fluoroquinolone resistance and analyze phylogenetics by sequencing gyrase subunit A from broiler Campylobacter jejuni isolates. The contents of 200 chicken intestines were taken from chicken farms in 4 sub-districts (Sukorejo, Pandaan, Kejayan, and Grati) in Pasuruan Regency, Indonesia. The Kirby-Bauer Diffusion Test method is used to detect fluoroquinolone resistance phenotypically. Polymerase chain reaction is used to detect fluoroquinolone resistance genotypically through detection of the gyrA gene. A phylogenetic tree based on gyrA genes was created using MEGA12. The results showed that 31 Campylobacter jejuni isolates had high resistance to nalidixid acid (100%), enrofloxacin (96.7%), and ciprofloxacin (93.6%). All Campylobacter jejuni isolates (100%) were fluoroquinolone resistant phenotypically and had the gyrA gene genotypically. Phylogenic analysis showed that the Campylobacter jejuni gyrA gene sequence isolated from broilers from different sub-districts were highly related. Sequence results from broilers with gyrA gene sequences from humans appear to be in the same cluster, indicating that zoonotic transmission can occur. The discovery of a high percentage of fluoroquinolone resistance genes, where fluoroquinolone is the first line drug for the treatment of diarrhea in humans, should certainly be an important issue related to human health.