Abortions in domestic ruminants cause significant economic losses to farmers. Determining the cause of an abortion is important for control efforts, but it can be challenging. All available diagnostic methods in the bacteriology laboratory should be employed in every case due to the many limiting factors (autolysis, lack of history, range of samples) that complicate the investigation process. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the recovery of diagnostically significant isolates from domestic ruminant abortion cases could be increased through the use of a combination of the existing aerobic culture and Brucella selective method with methods that are commonly recommended in the literature reporting abortion investigations. These methods are examination of wet preparations and impression smears stained by the modified Ziehl–Neelsen method, anaerobic, microaerophilic, Leptospira, Mycoplasma and fungal culture. Samples of placenta and aborted foetuses from 135 routine clinical abortion cases of cattle (n = 88), sheep (n = 25) and goats (n = 22) were analysed by the new combination of methods. In 46 cases, bacteria were identified as aetiological agents and in one case a fungus. Isolation of Brucella species increased to 7.4% over two years compared with the previous 10 years (7.3%), as well as Campylobacter jejuni (n = 2) and Rhizopus species (n = 1). Salmonella species (5.9%) and Trueperella pyogenes (4.4%) were also isolated more often. In conclusion, the approach was effective in removing test selection bias in the bacteriology laboratory. The importance of performing an in-depth study on the products of abortion by means of an extensive, combination of conventional culture methods was emphasised by increased isolation of Brucella abortus and isolation of C. jejuni. The combination of methods that yielded the most clinically relevant isolates was aerobic, microaerophilic, Brucella and fungal cultures.

Thirty samples of freshly slaughtered broiler frame with skin were obtained from small scale poultry processing plant in Cairo and Giza markets. Samples of neck and breast skin were examined for Total colony count, Psychrotrophic count, Staphylococcus aureus count, Coliform Count, presumptive E. coli count and total yeast and mould count. In addition isolation of Salmonella spp. and thermotolerant Campylobater were performed. Lower bacterial counts were recorded in cooked samples, with mean value of 7.6 ± 0.18, 5.68 ± 0.16, 5.12 ± 0.14, 3.6 ± 0.3, 2.3 ± 0.39 and 6.85 ± 0.37 log10 cfu /g in raw samples and 0.91 ± 0.27, 0.74 ± 0.21, 0.56 ± 0.19, 1.1 ± 0.13, < 3 and 2.44 ± 0.12 log10 cfu/g in cooked samples respectively. The incidence of S. aureus, Salmonella and Campylobater jejuni in raw skin samples were 66.7%, 20%, and 56.6%, respectively. While S. aureus was unexpectedly isolated from cooked samples. Fat content was estimated by using Sohexelt method and fatty acids content of methylester were determined.

Campylobacteriosis is the most common human foodborne bacterial infection worldwide and is caused by bacteria of the Camplylobacter genus. The main source of these bacteria is poultry, but other food-producing animals such as pigs are also responsible for human infections. An increasing number of strains with resistance to fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobials such as macrolides were recently noted. The aim of the study was to investigate Campylobacter contamination of porcine carcasses and determine the antimicrobial resistance of the obtained isolates.

A poultry abattoir's environment is the primary source of potential cross-contamination and bacterial contamination. Three automatic poultry slaughterhouses were selected in these governorates: Giza (1), Menoufeya (2), and Sharkeya (3). This study aimed to determine whether the microorganism load in the abattoir environment (TBC, TCC, and Campylobacter count) is associated with carcass contamination. Additionally, we wanted to investigate the effects of adding chlorine at different levels during the processing of carcasses on the microbial load. There were 15 air samples collected, as well as 30 swabs taken from the walls, floors, and processing equipment, from the three abattoirs (Reception, Bleeding and Plucking, Processing, Packing, and Refrigeration) in each abattoir, plus roughly five samples collected prior to and after carcass immersion from the scald tank, chill tank, and pre-chiller tank. In addition, approximately 12 broiler carcasses were randomly selected midday from each slaughterhouse's process line. All three slaughterhouses showed significant differences in microbial counts (TBC and TCC); the most significant differences were found on the walls and floors. A significant difference exists between the different abattoir halls. The lowest count was found in air samples at the refrigeration room (TBC and TCC recorded 0.14 and 0.12 log10 CFU, respectively). Three slaughterhouses, 1, 2, and 3, had varying Campylobacter prevalence rates: 8 (22.8%), 15 (50%), and 6 (20%), respectively. By ANOVA, it was discovered that there was a significant positive correlation (r = 0.88, 0.89, and 0.95) between the rates of contamination of the floor with equipment, the floor with carcass rinse, and the equipment with carcass rinse. Chlorine added to chilled water in concentrations ranging from 20 to 100 ppm led to a further reduction in microbes on the skin's surface. The effectiveness of the sanitation standard as well as the use of chlorine in chilled tanks should be checked to prevent carcass contamination. The proliferation of bacteria, particularly Campylobacter, and the contamination of broiler carcasses by the bacteria found in the intestinal material during processing could lead to monitoring hygienic status.