From 2 to 4.5 months of age, 80 crossbred gilts were reared in a conventional grower unit where they were naturally exposed to mycoplasmal and bacterial pathogens that cause pneumonia and atrophic rhinitis. At 4.5 months of age, gilts were moved to environmentally regulated rooms (4.9 X 7.3 m) and assigned at random to 1 of 2 treatment groups: low aerial concentration of ammonia (4 to 12 ppm; mean, 7 ppm) or moderate aerial concentration of ammonia (26 to 45 ppm, mean, 35 ppm). Low concentration of ammonia was obtained by flushing of manure pits weekly, whereas moderate concentration of ammonia was maintained by adding anhydrous ammonia to manure pits that were not flushed. Gilts were weighed biweekly. Mean daily gain (MDG) was less (P < 0.01) for gilts exposed to moderate concentration of ammonia than for gilts exposed to low concentration of ammonia after 2 weeks in their respective environments. By 4 and 6 weeks, however, MDG was similar between the 2 treatment groups. After 6 weeks in these environments, 20 gilts from each treatment group were slaughtered, and prevalence and severity of lung lesions and snout grades were determined. At slaughter, body weight was greater (P < 0.01) in gilts exposed to low, rather than moderate, ammonia concentration (94.5 vs 86.8 kg; SEM, 3.3 kg). Percentage of lung tissue containing lesions (18 vs 12) and snout grade (2.8 vs 3.1) were similar between gilts exposed to low or moderate concentration of ammonia. The remaining 20 gilts in each treatment group were maintained in their respective environments, exposed daily to mature boars and bred at first estrus. Age at puberty was similar between gilts exposed to low or moderate concentration of ammonia (208 vs 205 days; SEM, 1.3 days), even though weight at puberty was less (P < 0.03) for gilts exposed to low concentration of ammonia than for gilts exposed to moderate concentration of ammonia (109.7 vs 118.2 kg; SEM, 4.5 kg).

A two-year-old mixed breed sow was requested to the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory of Cheju National University with a clinical signs of severe abdominal pain and sudden death. Grossly, there was severe hemorrhage in abdominal cavity. Most of internal parenchymas and subcutaneous muscle showed severe pale discoloration. Both ovaries were enlarged with oval to round protruding multilobular masses and dark red in color. And they were firm and contained multiple small cysts in their cut surface. Histopathologically, numerous neoplastic granulosa cells had spherical-to-oval, hyperchromatic nuclei and scant eosinophilic cytoplasms were distributed with follicular pattern in ovarian masses. And the typical Call-Exner bodies, distinctive microcanityies, were observed in the center of small neoplastic follicles. Based on the gross and histopathologic findings, this case was diagnosed as granulosa cell tumor. In our best knowledge, this is believed to be the first report of granulosa cell tumor in a sow in Korea.

Gross and histological findings were obtained on cysts formed in the reproductive organs, particularly in the mesosalpinx, mesovarium, and fimbria, of 144 gilts and 37 sows. Of the 181 gilts and sows, 63 (34.8%) were found to have cysts which totaled 89. The number of cysts totaled 38 for the gilts and 51 for the sows, with relative frequencies of 18.1% 48.6%, respectively. The total number of cysts and the incidence were greater in the sows than in the gilts

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there were analyzed productivity indexes of sows of different families and family groups and their compatibility with male pigs of different lines of Belarusian meaty breed and Landras. On the basis of the realized research it was marked, that according to the number of piglets in a litter and multiple pregnancy distinctions between breeding sows of Landras breed and Belarusian meaty there was not observed. From sows of both breeds in average per farrowing there was obtain 11,0 - 11,2 piglets, including 10,4 - 10,5 live piglets, that exceeded requirements of the first class of the instruction on evaluation of pigs on 4,0 - 5,0%. At the same time, sows of the Belarusian meaty breed had litter weight at weaning in 40 days of 104 kg, that was authentically higher on 8 kg or on 8,3% (Р less than 0,001), than sows of Landras breed. In each breed there were some distinctions in sow productivity by families and in breeding with boars of different lines.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there were analyzed the doses and efficiency of application of selenium in composition of a mixed fodder KP-2 in diets of bull calves of at their breeding for meat. In course of the study the was developed a formula of a mixed fodder with various doses (0,1; 0,2; 0,3 mg per 1 kg of a dry matter of a ration) of selenium; there was studied the influence of different selenium doses in mixed fodders on palatability of diets, their digestibility, use of nutritive elements and hematological indexes of animals. Also, there was analyzed the influence of different doses of selenium on bull calves growing intensity. There was given the zootechnical and economic evaluation of usage of selenium for bull calves. Selenium dose of 0.2 milligram per 1 kilogram of dry matter proved to be the most efficient and promoted the increasing of average daily body weight gain on 10.9%.

Results of estimation of metabolic processes state in pregnant sows at different stages of sow pregnancy realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus were presented. Research results showed that there were changes in the analyzed indexes (total protein; albumins; total lipids; triglycerids; lactate; urea; creatinine; glucose; cholesterin; bilirubin; ALP; AAT; SGPT; amylase; gamma GTP; calcium; phosphorous; magnesium; iron) of biochemical blood profile at different stages of sow pregnancy. The most expressed divergences of the analyzed indexes were stated at pregnant sows on the 90-th day of pregnancy (10 out of 19 indexes) which were caused first of all by feeding uncertainty. It was established that level of total lipids was low during all analyzed pregnancy days, notably that the lowest indexes were registered on the 60-th day period (2,81+/-19 g/l). The lowest level of triglyceride (0,12+/-0,04 mmol/l) was stated at the same period ,too. At a later stage, this index was within the limits of physiologic standard. High level of urea in blood was registered on the 80-th day of pregnancy. Low indexes of glucose were stated on the 90-th and 100-th days of pregnancy (3,44+-/0,63 and 3,38+/-0,26 mmol/l, respectively). High level of cholesterol was stated in course of all pregnancy stages. There was low content of protein in blood in 20% of pregnant sows at the second stage of pregnancy. High indexes of creatine were registered in 80% of animals, urea – in 20% of animals. High content of bilirubin was noted in 23% of pregnant sows, high concentration of lactic acid – in 100% of animals; low content of glucose – in 38%, low level of lipids in blood – in 61%; low level of triglyceride – in 23%