The regional distributions and relative frequencies of the gastrointestinal endocrine cells inthe gean goose (Anser fabalisLatham) were investigated by immunohistochemical methods using bovineSp-1/chromogranin (CG), serotonin, gastrin, cholecystokinin (CCK)-8, somatostatin and glucagon antisera. BCG-immunoreactive cells were widespread throughout the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) with moderated frequencies except for the gizzard and proventriculus which were a few frequencies. Serotonin-immunoreactive cells were detected throughout the GIT except for the proventriculus and gizzard. These cells wer observed inthe pylorus with rare frequencies but numerous cells wee cetected in the intestinal tract. Gastrin-immunoreactive cells were restricted to the gizzard, pylorus and duodenum. These cells were most predominant in the pylorus and a few or rare in the gizzard and duodenum, respectively. CCK-8-immunoreactive cells were observed from the gizzard to ileum. the highest frequencies of endocrine cells were observed in the duodenum. These cells were increased from the gizzard to duodenum but thereafter decreased. Somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were detected in the GIT except for the large intestine. In the proventriculus and pylorus, numerous immunoreactive cells were demonstrated but a few cells were present in the other regions. Glucagon cells were observed in the gizzard, pylorus, ileum, colon and rectum with a few or moderated numbers.

This study was carried out (a) to investigate the variations of blood chemistry and (b) to examine the secretion trend of endocrine substances in a dog model after electroacupuncture and laser stimulation at different time period(9 to 11a.m. and 6 to 8p.m.). Two acupuncture points; Da Zhui(GV-14) and Shen Shu(BL-23) were electroacupunctured for 20 minutes with 2Vol, 20Hz and irradiated for 5 minutes with 8,000Hz. Before stimulation and after a lapse of time(10-minutes, 30-minutes and 60-minutes) all dogs were checked the following parameters; cortisol, ACTH, RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, WBC, Ca, P, SGPT, SGOT and creatinine. The results were as follow:The levels of cortisol and ACTH have been increased 10 minutes after the stimulation of the electroacupuncture and laser. The higher levels of cortisol and ACTH have been decreased to keep the normal levels from 30 minutes after the stimulation of the electroacupuncture and laser. The RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit and WBC showed the physiological phenomena in the electroacupuncture and laser stimulation. In sero chemical analysis, calcium, phosphate, SGOT, SGPT and creatinine levels were within normal physiological ranges.

Foram realizadas avaliações clínicas, colpo-citológicas e endocrinológicas de duas fêmeas de cachorro-do-mato (Cerdocyon thous) pertencentes à Fundação RIOZOO, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, durante um período de 10 meses. As fêmeas, consideradas clinicamente saudáveis, foram alojadas em recintos diferentes, cada uma com dois machos. Os recintos, de substrato arenoso distavam cerca de 500 m um do outro. A técnica colpo-citológica utilizada nas fêmeas de cachorro-do-mato segue os mesmos métodos para cachorros domésticos. É interessante ressaltar que não foi observado nenhum eritrócito nos esfregaços vaginais analisados, em qualquer fase do ciclo estral, em ambas as fêmeas. A diferenciação dos tipos celulares vaginais durante as diferentes fases do ciclo estral segue os mesmos padrões demonstrados por cadelas domésticas. Os níveis de estradiol e progesterona seguiram os mesmos padrões que ocorre nas fêmeas de cachorros domésticos. A progesterona atingiu níveis máximos (46 ng/ml) por volta do décimo dia de gestação. A variação do estradiol demonstrou que, ainda que as fêmeas possam apresentar picos deste hormônio, durante o ano, tão altos como durante a época reprodutiva, a reprodução ocorre, realmente, no final do inverno e primavera. É impossível inferir, neste trabalho, se a presença do macho próximo à fêmea durante o ano todo poderia induzir a produção de estradiol, redundando no que seria considerado um artifício de cativeiro. | Serial clinical, colpo-cytological and endocrinological examinations of two five-year-old females of the crab-eating dog (Cerdocyon thous), from the RIOZOO Foundation in the State of Rio de Janeiro - Brazil, were carried out over a 10-month period. Clinically healthy animals were kept in sand substratum enclosures, located 500m apart from each other. They were each housed with two males. The colpo-cytological technique employed for Cerdocyon thous used methods similar to those developed for domestic bitches. Unlike domestic dogs, blood cells were absent in all phases of the estrus cycle, including the pro-estrus phase. Differentiation of each type of vaginal cells during the estrus cycle phases in this species follows the same patterns shown by domestic bitches. The estradiol and progesterone levels were similar to those occurring in domestic bitches. The progesterone levels reach their maximum (46 ng/ml) around the 10th day of pregnancy. The estradiol analysis demonstrated that, although levels of this hormone could be high at various times throughout the year, mating actually occurs in late winter and in spring. It was impossible to evaluate whether males and females kept in close proximity throughout the entire year would stimulate the production of estradiol, resulting in what would be considered a captivity artifice.