The present research deals with slaughter and morphological characteristics as well as physical and chemical properties of meat of young hogs taken off fattening estimated bearing relationship to back fat thickness of sow. The above data have been obtained in the commercial swine production farm specialized in three-way rotational crossbreeding in its breeding programme

Usage of boars of meat breeds Yorkshire, Duroc and Landrace of Canadian selection for crossing them with cross and pure breeds of sows promotes increase of fattening and meat-fat productivity of the obtained hybrids. The best parameters of feeding efficiency the hybrid young growth of combinations (BMхL)хL and (BMхL)хD at which the age of achievement of alive weight of 100 kg and a daily average gain has made 177,2 day (P less than 0,001) and 803 g (P less than 0,001), 179,5 day (P less than 0,001) and 801 g (P less than 0,001), differed at expenses of a forage of 3,38-3,40 fodder units accordingly

Appraisement of new mixed fodder formulas for the fattening performance test was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus by the example prevailing in the country Large White breed. Barley (Hordeum vulgare) proved to be one of the main components in swine feeding in Belarus. Forage wheat in mixed fodders for the fattening performance served a basic energy source and contained less dietary fibre than barley, as well as less concentration of antinutrients which interfere with digestion of rations than others crops (rye, triticale). Soybean and sunflower oil meal were included into analysed mixed fodders as the protein sources. Application of new mixed fodder formulas for fattening control realization according to the technical specifications of the Republic of Belarus 600039106.044 - 2007 was realized by the example of gilts of pigs of Large White breed. Research results showed that new studied formulas made it possible to obtain the higher intensity of swine development indices (on 52-72 grams) in comparison with the traditional formulas of mixed fodders (technical specifications of the Republic of Belarus 06093149.065-2000). New mixed fodder recipes did not render harmful effect on health and safety of livestock. At the same time, the analysed recipes of mixed fodders did not authentically influence the carcass indicators (carcass length, fat thickness, loin eye area, ham weight, slaughter yield)

In animal feeding technology much attention is given to application of biologically active substances for metabolism stimulation. One of such biologically active substances is carnitine, an anabolic preparation of nonhormonal nature, cofactor in system of oxidation of fat acids. It participates in processes of acetylation at oxidation of fat acids together with acyl-CoA and other enzymes, promotes carrying over of cytoplasmatic Coa-derivatives of fat acids inside mitochondrions. It increases absorption speed from a digestive path of nutrients of forage, raises use of fat acids for the power purposes. Under its influence synthesis of triglycerides decreases and synthesis of phospho-lipids increases. Carnitine also protects cells against toxic accumulation of components of acyl-CoA of endogenic or exogenous origins, such as acylic groups of carnitine ethers which then can pass into liver for dissimilation or in kidneys for allocation in urine. Carnitine synthesis satisfies body requirements, but in the conditions of a hightened stress, high productivity, as well as in the conditions of lowered carnitine content in forage or in the conditions of the increased content of fats it should be applied as additive to diet. As a result of the realized study it was established, that the optimal quantity of carnitine application in diets for stores husbandry and fattening is dose of 50 g/t of mixed fodders. Application of carnitine in an optimum dose renders the positive impact on animal organism, promotes the increasing average daily weight gain on 5,1% (Р less than 0,001). Application of carnitine in diets of swine stores increases a slaughter yield on 2,1%, meat content per carcass - on 2,3%, a loin eye area - on 8,8%. Carnitine application in a dose 50 g/t of mixed fodders makes it possible to receive the additional profit at a rate of 4,57 USD per 1 head

In the Republic of Belarus the grain part of mixed fodders is basically formed by the following cereal cultures: wheat (Triticum aestivum), barley (Hordeum vulgare), oat (Avena saliva) and triticale. Rye is applied in the limited quantity in pig feeding despite all its advantages: large areas of cultivation, stable yielding capacity, low requirements to growing conditions, possibility to obtain ecologically clean production, low prime cost of grain. Rye in swine diets forms viscous solutions which break digestion process, worsen their fixation and accordingly reduce animal weight gain. Also, it was determined that rye grain had high quantity of pentosans (non-starch polysaccharides) which suppress the overall digestibility and accessibility of proteins. One of the methods of decreasing the negative influence of anti-nutritional properties of rye on pig organism and improving its digestibility is the application of fodder enzyme additives. In course of the realized investigation there was analyzed the influence of foreign fodder additives on rye-containing (Sk-21 – 10% and SK-26 – 20%) diets in swine rations. The following enzyme additives were analyzed: Rovabio TM Excel (France); Finase TM (Germany); Avizyme and Porzyme 8100 TM (United Kingdom). Application of enzyme additives Avizyme, Rovabio and Finase in mixed fodders containing rye (SK-21 - 10% of rye) for pigs at the age of 50-107 days made it possible to increase live weight on 16,8-21,7% and lower expenses for forages (fodder units) per 1kg of weight gain on - 12,3-18,2%. Intensity of live weight gain from 50-day up to 190-days age was the following: in a control group -80,8 kg, in the first experimental group fed with Rovabio - 88,6 kg, in the second experimental group fed with Avizyme - 89,7 kg, in the third experimental group fed with Finase - 84,6 kg. Research results showed that enzymes Avizyme and Rovabio rendered the highest influence on mixed fodders containing rye (SK-21 - 10% of rye and SK-26 - 20% of rye)

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there were analyzed the efficiency of 13-18-month old young stock of cattle bred for meat in the conditions of various energy value nutrition levels with the determination of nutrients intake of a diet. It was established that use of rations with various level of metabolic energy and protein breakage rendered the positive influence on nutrient digestibility of rations. This made it possible to improve the digestibility of dry and organic substances, nitrogen-free extractive substances and fibre at the bull calves which were fed with 63% of cleavable protein, as well as to increase the metabolic energy up to 10% in the ration, surpassing the control indexes respectively on 3.1; 2.5; 2.8; and 2.9 items. Adjournment from the acquired nitrogen considerably increased and made up to 64-70%. Productivity of fattening young cattle stock made it possible to obtain 977.7-1011.0 gram of live weight gain. As a result, the growth energy was stated at the level of 15,90-17,33 МJ in the conditions of conversion of metabolic energy into growth of 13,81-14,26% and expenses of metabolic energy of the ration per 1 MJ in live weight gain of 4,72-5,46 MJ.

The research in RUP Scientific and Practical Center of Animal Breeding of National Academy of Sciences on such parameters as consumption of forages, processes of rumen digestion, morphological and biochemical structure of blood has shown that usage of wet grain preserved with Kormoplus for young cattle fattening has a positive effect on physiological condition and digestibility of nutrients and promotes nitrogen usage by animals that increases at 7,0 and 1,6%

Influence of 33 imported heads Landrace breed boars of foreign selection on feeding performance and meat productivity of swine of the Belarusian Meaty breed was studied in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus for the enhancement of Belarusian breeds genealogical structure. There was stated the positive influence of Landrace Breed on feeding performance and meat productivity of mixed bred stores obtained after the introductive crossing with sows of Belarusian Meaty breed which was expressed in the predominancy of mixed bred hogs over the purebred ones at the stage of fattening performance test: at the age of reaching 100 kg body weight – on 0,7%; at average daily weight gain - on 1,5%; at feed consumption - on 1,2%. Mixed bred stores also had thinner back fat (on 0,9 mm) and bigger loin (on 0,4 square cm). There was stated the one-sided influence of boars of Landrace Breed on feeding performance and meat productivity indices of mixed breeds. It was established, that hybrids of four lines (Zaboj, Zalet, Zont and Bison) with regard to control groups showed the effect of heterosis at age of achievement of body weight of 100 kg, at a daily average weight gain and at forage consumption in the following rates: 1,5% (Р less than 0,05), 2,8% and 1,5% (Р less than 0,05) for Zaboj line; 2,3%, 4,9% and 2,1% (Р less than 0,01) for Zalet lines; 1,4%, 3% and 1,5% (Р less than 0,05) for Zont lines; 3% (Р less than 0,001), 6,7% and 2,7% for a line of Bison. In meat productivity indices there was stated the in-between character of inheritance which caused the decreasing of fat thickness and increasing of loin eye area at descendants of trial groups of lines: Zaboj, Zalet, Zenit, Zont on 0,88 mm (Р less than 0,05) and 0,6 square cm, 1,7 mm (Р less than 0,01) and 2,1 square cm (Р less than 0,001), 1,3 mm (Р less than 0,01) and 0,9 square cm, 1,4 mm

In the conditions of application of enzyme preparations there is the possibility of inclusion into mixed fodders structure of such cheap fodder grains as rye. Determination of the optimal dose of introduction of the liquid enzymatic fodder additive (xylanase – 8800 units; phytase – 600 units; cellulose – 880 units; r-gluco – 4000 units; a- amylase – 200 units) and its influence on stores productivity during the completion of growing and fattening periods was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. Research results showed the following: inclusion into mixed fodders of the increased amount of rye grain (without the enzyme additive) for stores feeding during the completion of growing (20%) and fattening (30%) periods did not render negative influence on experimental animals; the optimal dose of the trial enzyme for stores during the completion of growing period - (SK-21 including rye grain - 20%) was 200 ml per 1 t of mixed fodders; the optimal dose of the trial enzyme for stores during the fattening period (KDS-26 including rye -30%) was 150 ml per 1 t of mixed fodders. Application of the experimental fodder additive promoted the increasing live weight gain. There was noted the tendency of the positive influence of the analyzed enzyme on dry and organic matter, fat, dietary fibre and nitrogen-free extractive substances digestibility