Septicaemic pasteurellosis is a fatal, sometimes epidemic, bacterial disease of domestic and wild animals including deer, bison, elk, and pronghorn antelope caused by Pasteurella multocida. This is the case report of septicaemic pasteurellosisin a captive sambar deer. The carcass was sent from Royal Endurance Stable, Bachok, Kelantan to the Kota Bharu RegionalVeterinary Laboratory for post-mortem. Gross examination of organs was followed by collection of specimens from lung, kidney,liver, spleen and heart for histopathology and bacterial examination. Pooled organ samples with rumen content were collected and sent to the nearest Chemistry Department for investigation. For histology, the liver, lung, spleen, kidney, and heart specimens were fixed in 10% neutral formalin, and routinely embedded in paraffin. Fivemicrometer sections were stained with H&E. Other tests such as worm and ectoparasiteidentification were conducted to identify the parasites. Post-mortem lesions revealed generalised haemorrhage in the organs.Pasteurella multocida serogroup B and E. coli were isolated from multiple tissues of the animal. Histological examination alsorevealed severe congestion and haemorhage of multiple tissues with infiltration of the inflammatory cells. The most likely mode of transmission of these bacteria is through an infected wound and into the bloodstream, thereby causing severe septicemia and death to the animal.

The present study describes an investigation on an epidemic of Tuberculosis (TB) which has been occurred among dairy cattle farms in Jeongeup, Jeollabuk-do since 2007. The investigation was performed in three ways as follows: 1. Collecting information about bovine TB outbreaks using investigation reports, an on-the-spot and tracing-back investigations; 2. Analyzing the outbreak pattern; 3. Establishing hypothesis and performing statistical analysis on potential risk factors. In the early 2000s, TB outbreaks were sporadically reported in beef cattle, and only a small number (1~2) of reactors was confirmed in each of outbreak farms. The number of TB outbreaks has been suddenly increased from 2007, mainly in dairy cattle farms. And these outbreaks were temporarily clustered during the period, from March 2007 to April 2009 (relative risk, RR=13.7, p less than 0.001). And two spatial clusters of which radiuses were 0.3 km (RR=6.9, p less than 0.001) and 0.9 km (RR=3.6, p less than 0.01). The analysis to find risk factors was performed on 99 dairy farms (21 outbreaks), which are located in the most seriously affected village during 2007-2009. Middleman (odds ratio, OR=47.4, p less than 0.05) and raw milk collecting system (OR=6.9, p less than 0.05) were recognized as with the highest association. Considering the fact that all the outbreak farms except one had their own manure composting tank, it might be that the manure containing pathogen was leaked from tank and transmitted to other farms by fomites such as middleman or raw milk collecting system.

This study was carried out for investigation of an outbreak in Karachi. A disease outbreak in poultry was reported during April, 2000 in Karachi. The main symptoms included respiratory distress, sneezing and gasping. Autopsy of dead birds showed tracheitis, air-sacculitis and involvement of lungs. The morbid material was collected for processing in the laboratory. During the investigation for isolation of pathogenic bacteria or virus, Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale was isolated on 5% sheep blood agar plates in an atmosphere containing 5-10% CO2 at 37 degree C and identified through biochemical and fermentation tests. A Lasota like virus was also isolated from the same material which showed HA activity but was found negative to Avian Influenza virus against known Avian Influenza serum. The isolated virus was sent to Central Veterinary Laboratory, Weybridge, U.K. which confirmed it to be Lasota virus having comparatively high Intracerebral Pathogenicity Index (ICPI) as 0.90. Attempts for the transmission of the disease in susceptible healthy broiler chicks was successful through aerosol route using combination of inoculum of the isolated bacteria and virus. On post-mortem of infected birds air- sacculitis, tracheitis and unilateral pneumonia were noticed. Again ORT and NDV were isolated from the material harvested from these chicks. According to the observations of these experiments, it was concluded that the isolated ORT had a triggering effect on Lasota virus or vice versa. The environmental temperature and other stress factors might have aggravated the disease problem.

Analysis of the epizootological situation in infectious diseases in the world and the Republic of Belarus was presented. The prevention and eradication control strategy of mentioned diseases in Belarus was defined. In Belarus there was stated no cases of special danger infectious diseases of cattle: bovine spongiform encephalopathy; highly pathogenic poultry flu; aphthous fever; since 1982 - Bang's disease; since 1980 - Newcastle disease; since 1999 – anthrax. Preventive maintenance of 30 infectious diseases was based on application of specific prophylaxis.

Among bacterial infections of fur animals in beast breeding farm in Belarus pasteurellosis takes a leading place - 42,06%. Pasteurellosis of fur animals is characterized by the expressed seasonal prevalence. The greatest percent of Pasteurella allocation is registered during the autumn and spring periods. The maximum allocation is noted in October and March accordingly 18,55% and 13,21%. Infection rate with pasteurellosis depends on age of fur animals. The most susceptible is the young growth at the age from 2 till 5 months. Pasteurellosis of fur animals is most often clinically shown by symptoms of defeat of respiratory organs and has subacute and chronic current. Pathoanatomical changes at fur animals at pasteurellosis have expressed tropism to respiratory system with formation of characteristic changes without dependence from a disease current; at acute process the picture of hemorrhagic diathesis is added, at a chronic current are observed necrotic changes in a number of tissues. | Среди бактериальных инфекций пушных зверей в звероводческих хозяйствах Республики Беларусь пастереллез занимает ведущее место - 42,06%. Пастереллез пушных зверей характеризуется выраженной сезонностью. Наибольший процент выделения пастерелл регистрируется в осенний и весенний периоды. Максимальное выделение отмечено в октябре и марте соответственно 18,55% и 13,21%. Уровень заболеваемости пастереллезом зависит от возраста пушных зверей. Наиболее восприимчивым является молодняк в возрасте от 2 до 5 месяцев. У пушных зверей пастереллез наиболее часто клинически проявляется симптомами поражения органов дыхания и имеет подострое и хроническое течение. Патологоанатомические изменения у пушных зверей при пастереллезе имеют выраженный тропизм к дыхательной системе с формированием характерных изменений вне зависимости от течения заболевания; при остром процессе добавляется картина гемораггического диатеза, при хроническом течении наблюдаются некротические изменения в ряде тканей.

Analysis of national studies and literary sources on problems of haemophilus pleuropneumoniae of swine was realized in the conditions of the republic of Belarus. Research was realized in the conditions of Agricultural Production Co-operative Uritskoe (Gomel region, Belarus). It was established that medical actions gave positive result only at early stages of disease.