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Effect of changes in urine pH on plasma pharmacokinetic variables of ampicillin sodium in horses.
1992
Sarasola P. | Horspool L.J.I. | McKellar Q.A.
The effect of urine pH on plasma disposition of ampicillin sodium was evaluated. A single dose of 10 mg/kg of body weight was administered IV to Thoroughbreds with alkaline (pH > 8.0) or acidic (pH < 4.5) urine. Urine alkalinity was achieved and maintained by oral administration of up to 400 mg of sodium bicarbonate/kg/d, and acidity was achieved and maintained by oral administration of up to 400 mg of ammonium chloride/kg/d. Ampicillin sodium was measured in the plasma of horses by use of an agar diffusion microbiological assay with Bacillus subtilis as the test organism. The plasma disposition kinetics of ampicillin sodium best fitted a 2-exponential decay pattern, and statistically significant differences were not evident in elimination half-life, area under the plasma concentration time curve, volume of distribution, or body clearance rate between horses with alkaline or acidic urine. Results indicate that changes in urine pH over a range encountered in clinically normal horses are unlikely to affect plasma pharmacokinetic variables of ampicillin sodium after IV administration of the drug.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Pharmacokinetics of clindamycin phosphate in dogs after single intravenous and intramuscular administrations.
1992
Budsberg S.C. | Kemp D.T. | Wolski N.
Clindamycin phosphate was administered to dogs at dosage of 11 mg/kg of body weight via IV and IM routes. The disposition curve for IV administration was best represented as a 2-compartment open model. Mean elimination half life was 194.6 +/- 24.5 minutes for IV administration and 234.8 +/- 27.3 minutes for IM administration. Bioavailability after IM administration was 87%. Dosage of 11 mg/kg, IV, given every 8 hours, provided serum concentration of clindamycin that exceeded the minimal inhibitory concentration for all Staphylococcus spp, as well as most pathogenic anaerobes, throughout the dosing interval. Intramuscular administration induced signs of pain and cannot be recommended.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Effects of gender on the pharmacokinetics and metabolite formation of sulfamethazine in the rabbit
1992
Yun, H.I. (Chungnam Nat'l Univ., Taejon (Korea Republic). Coll. of Veterinary Medicine) | Park, I.H. (Chungnam Nat'l Univ., Taejon (Korea Republic). Coll. of Natural Science)
