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Luteolin attenuates cognitive dysfunction induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion through the modulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway in rats Texto completo
2021
He Haitao | Chen Xi
Luteolin attenuates cognitive dysfunction induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion through the modulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway in rats Texto completo
2021
He Haitao | Chen Xi
In our study, we evaluated the beneficial effect of luteolin in the treatment of cognitive dysfunction in rat models induced by cerebral hypoperfusion by two-vessel occlusion (2-VO).
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Luteolin attenuates cognitive dysfunction induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion through the modulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway in rats Texto completo
2021
He, Haitao | Chen, Xi
In our study, we evaluated the beneficial effect of luteolin in the treatment of cognitive dysfunction in rat models induced by cerebral hypoperfusion by two-vessel occlusion (2-VO). Seventy-five male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to 2-VO surgery, in all but 15 (the sham group, group I) the ligation being permanent to impair cognitive abilities. The sham group rats received saline instead of a drug; 15 2-VO rats were not injected at all (the model group, group II); 15 2-VO rats were administered luteolin at 50 mg/kg b.w. (the lut 50 group, group III); to a further 15 luteolin was given at 100 mg/kg b.w. (the lut 100 group, group IV); and the final 15 received nimodipine at 16 mg/kg b.w. as positive controls (the nimodipine group, group V). Object recognition and Morris water maze tests were performed to investigate memory ability. A Western blot test was also conducted to assess expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), its downstream target protein kinase B (Akt), and the phosphorylated form (P-Akt) in cerebral cortex and hippocampus tissue samples. Significant variations in the discrimination index in the object recognition test, the escape latencies in the Morris water maze test, and expression levels of PI3K-p110α and PI3K-p85 were observed three months after 2-VO surgery in both lut groups, with a significant change in the nimodipine group compared to the model group. P-Akt and Akt were expressed significantly higher in both lut groups and the nimodipine group than in the model group. Luteolin treatment of rats cognitively dysfunctional after experimental cerebral hypo perfusion was neuroprotective by activating the PI3K/Akt signals which inhibit neuronal death in the cerebral cortex and hippocampal region.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Effects of tiletamine-xylazine-tramadol combination and its specific antagonist on AMPK in the brain of rats Texto completo
2019
Ma, Ning | Li, Xin | Wang, Hong-bin | Gao, Li | Xiao, Jian-hua
Effects of tiletamine-xylazine-tramadol combination and its specific antagonist on AMPK in the brain of rats Texto completo
2019
Ma, Ning | Li, Xin | Wang, Hong-bin | Gao, Li | Xiao, Jian-hua
Introduction: Tiletamine-xylazine-tramadol (XFM) has few side effects and can provide good sedation and analgesia. Adenosine 5’-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) can attenuate trigeminal neuralgia. The study aimed to investigate the effects of XFM and its specific antagonist on AMPK in different regions of the brain. Material and Methods: A model of XFM in the rat was established. A total of 72 Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three equally sized groups: XFM anaesthesia (M group), antagonist (W group), and XFM with antagonist interactive groups (MW group). Eighteen SD rats were in the control group and were injected intraperitoneally with saline (C group). The rats were sacrificed and the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, thalamus, and brain stem were immediately separated, in order to detect AMPKα mRNA expression by quantitative PCR. Results: XFM was able to increase the mRNA expression of AMPKα1 and AMPKα2 in all brain regions, and the antagonist caused the opposite effect, although the effects of XFM could not be completely reversed in some areas. Conclusion: XFM can influence the expression of AMPK in the central nervous system of the rat, which can provide a reference for the future development of anaesthetics for animals.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Effects of tiletamine-xylazine-tramadol combination and its specific antagonist on AMPK in the brain of rats Texto completo
2019
Ma Ning | Li Xin | Wang Hong-bin | Gao Li | Xiao Jian-hua
Introduction: Tiletamine-xylazine-tramadol (XFM) has few side effects and can provide good sedation and analgesia. Adenosine 5’-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) can attenuate trigeminal neuralgia. The study aimed to investigate the effects of XFM and its specific antagonist on AMPK in different regions of the brain. Material and Methods: A model of XFM in the rat was established. A total of 72 Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three equally sized groups: XFM anaesthesia (M group), antagonist (W group), and XFM with antagonist interactive groups (MW group). Eighteen SD rats were in the control group and were injected intraperitoneally with saline (C group). The rats were sacrificed and the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, thalamus, and brain stem were immediately separated, in order to detect AMPKα mRNA expression by quantitative PCR. Results: XFM was able to increase the mRNA expression of AMPKα1 and AMPKα2 in all brain regions, and the antagonist caused the opposite effect, although the effects of XFM could not be completely reversed in some areas. Conclusion: XFM can influence the expression of AMPK in the central nervous system of the rat, which can provide a reference for the future development of anaesthetics for animals.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]MACROANATOMY OF HIPPOCAMPUS IN BUFFALOES (BUBALUS BUBALIS) Texto completo
2024
A. Kumaravel | Geetha Ramesh | S. Rajathi | S. Muthukrishnan | V. Ramakrishnan
The gross studies on the hippocampus were made on 10 specimens each of calves and adults of the Indian buffalo. The hippocampus was a curved elevation, lying immediately ventral to the splenium of the corpus callosum, dorsal to the lateral aspect of the thalamus. It occupied the floor of the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle. The ventricular surface of the hippocampus was covered by a thin layer of white matter, the alveus. Rostrolaterally the alveus joined a thick fibrous band, the hippocampal fimbria which connected the alveus to the fornix. On the ventromedial aspect, a deep groove, the hippocampal sulcus, separated this surface into lateral and medial portions.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]HISTOLOGY AND HISTOCHEMISTRY OF LIMBIC HIPPOCAMPUS IN THE INDIAN BUFFALOES Texto completo
2024
A. Kumaravel | Geetha Ramesh | S. Rajathi | S. Muthukrishnan
The brain samples were collected from 10 calves and 10 adult Indian buffaloes. Routine histological and histochemical processing and sectioning were done. The hippocampus was a curved elevation, lying immediately ventral to the splenium of the thalamus. Longitudinal section showed the ependyma, the alveus, the stratum oriens, the stratum pyramidale, the stratum radiatum, the stratum lacunosum and the stratum moleculare from above downwards. The prominent layer was the stratum pyramidale, composed of pyramidal cells in 2-3 rows. The four fields of the cornu ammonis, (CA1, CA2, CA3 and CA4) were identified based on the sizes of the pyramidal cells and their dendritic arborizations, both in the calf and in the adult. The presence of mucopolysaccharides was recorded.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]MACROANATOMY OF HIPPOCAMPUS IN BUFFALOES (BUBALUS BUBALIS) Texto completo
2024
A. Kumaravel | Geetha Ramesh | S. Rajathi | S. Muthukrishnan | V. Ramakrishnan
The gross studies on the hippocampus were made on 10 specimens each of calves and adults of the Indian buffalo. The hippocampus was a curved elevation, lying immediately ventral to the splenium of the corpus callosum, dorsal to the lateral aspect of the thalamus. It occupied the floor of the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle. The ventricular surface of the hippocampus was covered by a thin layer of white matter, the alveus. Rostrolaterally the alveus joined a thick fibrous band, the hippocampal fimbria which connected the alveus to the fornix. On the ventromedial aspect, a deep groove, the hippocampal sulcus, separated this surface into lateral and medial portions.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]HISTOLOGY AND HISTOCHEMISTRY OF LIMBIC HIPPOCAMPUS IN THE INDIAN BUFFALOES Texto completo
2024
A. Kumaravel | Geetha Ramesh | S. Rajathi | S. Muthukrishnan
The brain samples were collected from 10 calves and 10 adult Indian buffaloes. Routine histological and histochemical processing and sectioning were done. The hippocampus was a curved elevation, lying immediately ventral to the splenium of the thalamus. Longitudinal section showed the ependyma, the alveus, the stratum oriens, the stratum pyramidale, the stratum radiatum, the stratum lacunosum and the stratum moleculare from above downwards. The prominent layer was the stratum pyramidale, composed of pyramidal cells in 2-3 rows. The four fields of the cornu ammonis, (CA1, CA2, CA3 and CA4) were identified based on the sizes of the pyramidal cells and their dendritic arborizations, both in the calf and in the adult. The presence of mucopolysaccharides was recorded.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Neuropathologic features of the hippocampus and amygdala in cats with familial spontaneous epilepsy Texto completo
2018
Yu, Yoshihiko | Hasegawa, Daisuke | Hamamoto, Yuji | Mizoguchi, Shunta | Kuwabara, Takyuki | Fujiwara-Igarashi, Aki | Tsuboi, Masaya | Chambers, James Ken | Fujita, Michio | Uchida, Kazuyuki
OBJECTIVE To investigate epilepsy-related neuropathologic changes in cats of a familial spontaneous epileptic strain (ie, familial spontaneous epileptic cats [FSECs]). ANIMALS 6 FSECs, 9 age-matched unrelated healthy control cats, and 2 nonaffected (without clinical seizures)dams and 1 nonaffected sire of FSECs. PROCEDURES Immunohistochemical analyses were used to evaluate hippocampal sclerosis, amygdaloid sclerosis, mossy fiber sprouting, and granule cell pathological changes. Values were compared between FSECs and control cats. RESULTS Significantly fewer neurons without gliosis were detected in the third subregion of the cornu ammonis (CA) of the dorsal and ventral aspects of the hippocampus as well as the central nucleus of the amygdala in FSECs versus control cats. Gliosis without neuronal loss was also observed in the CA4 subregion of the ventral aspect of the hippocampus. No changes in mossy fiber sprouting and granule cell pathological changes were detected. Moreover, similar changes were observed in the dams and sire without clinical seizures, although to a lesser extent. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Findings suggested that the lower numbers of neurons in the CA3 subregion of the hippocampus and the central nucleus of the amygdala were endophenotypes of familial spontaneous epilepsy in cats. In contrast to results of other veterinary medicine reports, severe epilepsy-related neuropathologic changes (eg, hippocampal sclerosis, amygdaloid sclerosis, mossy fiber sprouting, and granule cell pathological changes) were not detected in FSECs. Despite the use of a small number of cats with infrequent seizures, these findings contributed new insights on the pathophysiologic mechanisms of genetic-related epilepsy in cats.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Experimental infection of meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) with sheep scrapie Texto completo
2015
Carlson, Christina M. | Schneider, Jay R. | Pedersen, Joel A. | Heisey, Dennis M. | Johnson, Christopher J.
Meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) are permissive to chronic wasting disease (CWD) infection, but their susceptibility to other transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) is poorly characterized. In this initial study, we intracerebrally challenged 6 meadow voles with 2 isolates of sheep scrapie. Three meadow voles acquired a TSE after the scrapie challenge and an extended incubation period. The glycoform profile of proteinase K-resistant prion protein (PrPres) in scrapie-sick voles remained similar to the sheep inocula, but differed from that of voles clinically affected by CWD. Vacuolization patterns and disease-associated prion protein (PrPSc) deposition were generally similar in all scrapie-affected voles, except in the hippocampus, where PrPSc staining varied markedly among the animals. Our results demonstrate that meadow voles can acquire a TSE after intracerebral scrapie challenge and that this species could therefore prove useful for characterizing scrapie isolates.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Isolation and characterization of neural progenitor cells from adult canine brains Texto completo
2012
Lim, Ji-Hey | Koh, Sehwon | Olby, Natasha J. | Piedrahita, Jorge | Mariani, Christopher L.
Objective: To isolate and characterize neural stem and progenitor cell populations in the brain of adult dogs. Animals: 7 healthy adult dogs. Procedures: Dogs (age, 10 to 60 months) were euthanized for reasons unrelated to the study. The subventricular zone (SVZ) adjacent to the lateral ventricles and subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampus were isolated and used to generate single cell suspensions for nonadherent culture. The resulting primary neurospheres were serially passaged to assess self-renewal capacity. Neurospheres were differentiated by the withdrawal of growth factors and the addition of serum. Differentiated and undifferentiated neurospheres were analyzed via reverse transcriptase PCR assay or immunocytochemical staining for markers of pluripotency and neural lineage. Results: Neurospheres were generated from the SVZ and SGZ in all dogs. The SVZ generated more primary neurospheres than did the SGZ. Serial passage was successful, although few neurospheres could be generated after the fifth passage. Undifferentiated neurospheres were positive for SOX2, nestin, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and negative for OCT4 and NANOG. After differentiation, GFAP, neuronal class III β-tubulin, and 2′, 3′-cyclic nucleotide 3′-phosphodiesterase–positive progeny were noted migrating out of the neurospheres. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Results suggested the persistence of SOX2-positive, nestin-positive, GFAP-positive, OCT4-negative, and NANOG-negative neural progenitor cells in the SVZ and SGZ regions of mature canine brains, which are capable of producing multiple cell lineages. This study may serve as a basis for future studies investigating the role of these cells in various disease processes, such as neoplasia, or for regenerative purposes.
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