A field study was carried out in a fish farm to study the effect of seasonal variations during the production period on performance and parasitic infestation of cultured fish. Water samples were obtained to determine the Physio-chemical investigation of water in the examined farm to estimate temperature, dissolved oxygen, PH, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, salinity, total alkalinity and total hardness. Fish samples were obtained for parasitological examination to detect external parasitic infestation.The results referred that an elevation of water temperature during summer months leading to slight increase of PH of water, while dissolved oxygen values decreased from 6.8±0.15 to 6.0±1.5 throughout the study period. The mean values of ammonia, nitrite and nitrate reach the maximum in July and August months (0.71±0.18, 0.20±0.07 and 3.1±0.07 mg/l respectively). In addition there was a slightly increase of the total alkalinity and total hardness at beginning of the study (37.8±3.0 and 147.0±5.0mg/l respectively) reached the maximum levels in the summer months (44.4±2.8 and 182.8±6.0 mg/l respectively). It can be noticed that the most prevalent ectoparasitic affecting cultured Tilapia are Trichodina,Monogenia and Epistylis. It can be noticed that, the average initial body weight of examined fish was 6.8±2.3 gm and reached 218.0±3.8 gm. at the end of experiment (210 days) with an average of daily weight gain 1.01 ±0.07 gm. From the aforementioned results, it can be concluded that special attention to Physio-chemical parameters of water fish ponds and regular inspection of fish parasitic infestation particularly during summer months obtained a good fish performance as well as high body weight gain and high survival percentage.

In an attempt to evaluate the possible role of Eimeria stiedae infection on rabbit vaccinatedwith haemorrhagic septicaemia oil adjuvant vaccine, a total of 60 New-Zealand rabbits weredivided into 6 groups (A- F). The first four groups subdivided into two subgroups. The subgroups(A1, A2) vaccinated and infected at time of 1st dose of vaccine, subgroup (B1, B2) vaccinated andinfected at 2 weeks post 1st vaccination, subgroup (C1, C2) which vaccinated and infected at thetime of 2nd dose of vaccination, finally subgroup (D1, D2) vaccinated and infected at 2 weeks post2nd dose of vaccine. Group E vaccinated only but the group F left as non vaccinated non infected(control). The results revealed that E. stiedae infection at the time or after 2 weeks from first orsecond dose of vaccination (A1, B1, C1 and D1) and treated with semduramycine 150 showed slightdecrease of the antibody titer in contrast the untreated group (A2, B2, C2 and D2) showed suddendecrease of P. multocida antibody titer measured by indirect haemagglutination and ELISA test.Vaccinated group (E) was the superior one showing the highest antibody titer. The challenge test ofall rabbit groups with virulent P. multocida revealed a protective percent of 83.4%, 50%, 100%and 0 % in treated, untreated, vaccinated and control group respectively, but subgroups C2, D2the protective value was 33.4% this due to challenge concurrency post or at the time of infection.These findings reflect the important to avoid coccidial infection following vaccination programs toobtain better immune response to haemorrhagic septicaemia oil adjuvant pasteurellosis vaccineand high level of protection.

The efficacy of two methods of spraying of acaricides on tick-infested sheep and goats was assessed. Two pyrethroid acaricides, 0.15% sumicidin and 0.20% butox were sprayed on individual animal one by one or on group of ten animals kept in small enclosures at a time, totally involving 40 sheep and 40 goats for each method. The efficacy, as seen from the total efficacy score (TES) of the former method of spraying, was found to be higher than the latter. But the advantages of the group spraying were that it saved the time in spraying and the quantity of acaricidal emulsion.