A Jersey crossbred heifer was presented to the Gynaecology Unit of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Orathanadu for pregnancy diagnosis. Rectal examination revealed rigid cervix and flaccid uterine horns. Further examination revealed that left uterine horn was adhering with the adnexa like a firm mass and unable to retract. However, the right uterine horn and both the ovaries were free of adhesions and were easily movable. Ultrasonographic examination revealed left uterine horn was curled and there was synechiae as evidenced by dense hyperechoic bands around the contours of left uterine horn which confirm the unilateral left uterine horn adhesion.

Objective-To identify risk factors associated with Cryptosporidium parvum infection in dairy calves. Animals-108 case animals and 283 control animals. Procedures-Case animals were calves infected with C parvum, and controls were infected with Cryptosporidium bovis (n = 67) or calves not infected with Cryptosporidium spp. Fecal samples were tested via the flotation concentration method for Cryptosporidium spp. Samples were genotyped by sequencing of the 18s rRNA gene. Associations between host, management, geographic, and meteorologic factors and Cryptosporidium genotype were assessed. Results-Younger calves and calves housed in a cow barn were more likely to be infected with both genotypes. Herd size and hay bedding were associated with an increased risk of infection with C parvum, and Jersey breed was a risk factor for C bovis infection. Compared with a flat surface, a steeper slope was significantly associated with a decreased likelihood of infection with both genotypes, and precipitation influenced the risk of C parvum infection only. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Risk factors for calf infection with C parvum differed from those for infection with C bovis. Results may be useful to help design measures that reduce animal exposure and decrease public health risk and economic losses associated with C parvum infection in cattle.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate IM injection of oxytetracycline as an experimental model to induce pain and assess the analgesic efficacy of flunixin meglumine (FM) in dairy cows. ANIMALS 15 healthy nonlactating Jersey (n = 10) and Holstein (5) cows. PROCEDURES In the first of 2 experiments, 5 Jerseys were administered oxytetracycline (10 mg/kg, IM), divided between the right side of the neck and left hind limb. The left side of the neck and right hind limb received sham injections. Cows were also randomly assigned to receive FM (2.2 mg/kg, IV; n = 3) or an equal volume of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (0.044 mL/kg, IV; control; 2) once daily for 5 days. The mechanical nociceptive threshold (MNT) was measured before oxytetracycline administration and at predetermined times after each injection of the assigned treatment. Experiment 2 was similar to experiment 1 except it involved 5 Jerseys and 5 Holsteins, oxytetracycline was injected only in a hind limb, and the assigned treatment was administered for 10 days. RESULTS For both experiments, mean MNT for the oxytetracycline injection site was consistently less than that for the sham injection site in the hind limbs, and mean MNT at the hind limb oxytetracycline injection site for FM-treated cows was greater than that for control cows beginning on day 3. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE IM injection of oxytetracycline in a hind limb reliably induced signs of pain in dairy cows and, with validation, might be useful as an experimental model for assessing pain mitigation strategies in cattle.

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and vesicular stomatitis (VS) cause such similar clinical signs and lesions that laboratory tests are required to distinguish between infections caused by each virus. Using mouse anti-foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) 3B monoclonal or polyclonal anti-vesicular stomatitis virus-New Jersey (VSV-NJ) antibodies and recombinant FMDV 3ABC or VSV-NJ glycoprotein (G) antigens coated to MagPlex beads, competitive Luminex immunoassays (cLIAs) were developed for FMDV and VSV-NJ, respectively. The cLIAs successfully detected antibodies to FMDV 3ABC and VSV-NJ G in sera from infected animals. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 93% and 98%, respectively for FMDV and 93% and 95.4%, respectively for VSV-NJ. These cLIAs are potential alternatives for competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (cELISAs) and provide the opportunity for multiplexing to reduce time and the amount of serum required for testing.

This study examined the colostrum nutritive composition, immunoglobulin (Ig), and microbial community in Holstein and Jersey dairy cows according to the time after calving. The experiment used seven Holstein and three Jersey dairy cows. Colostrum was collected immediately after calf calving, 12, and 24 hours, and stored at −80°C until analysis. An analysis of the nutritive composition in colostrum was performed using LactoScop. The immune indicators were analyzed using an ELISA Kit, and the microbial community was assessed using a Macrogen Inc. The protein level was high in all colostrum samples from Holstein dairy cows compared with Jersey dairy cows, but there was no significant difference according to the time after calving. Immune index analysis revealed high IgG and IgA concentrations in the colostrum of Holstein cows immediately after calving and 12 and 24 hours after calving, but the differences were not significant. The microbial community at the genus level revealed Staphylococcus to be predominant at a high rate in the colostrum of Holstein dairy cows and Enterococcus in Jersey dairy cows 12 hours after calving. Pseudomonas was predominant at a high rate in the colostrum of Jersey lactating cows immediately and 12 hours after calving. Chryseobacterium was predominant at a high rate in Holstein dairy cows 12 and 24 hours after calving. In conclusion, these results are expected to be used as research data on the correlation between quality, immunity, and microbial community in the colostrum.

A volemia e a função renal de bovinos com acidose láctica ruminal (ALR) foram estudadas em cinco garrotes Jersey (J) (Bos taurus) e cinco Gir (G) (Bos indicus). Amostras de sangue, urina e conteúdo ruminal foram coletadas durante 24h após a indução experimental da ALR. Os bovinos G apresentaram maior grau de hipovolemia (p < 0,00001) e volume ruminal (p ; 0,47) na excreção total diária deste isômero; garrotes G excretaram menor quantidade de lactato-L na urina (p < 0,05). Independente da raça, quanto menor foi o pH urinário maior a porcentagem de excreção fracionada urinária de lactato total e de lactato-D (r = - 0,69).

To study volemia and renal function in cattle with acute rumen lactic acidosis (RLA) five Jersey (J) (Bos taurus) and five Gir (G) (Bos indicus) steers were used. Blood, urine and ruminal fluid samples were collected throughout 24h after RLA induction. Higher levels of hipovolemia (p &lt; 0.00001), and total rumen volume (p &lt; 0.05), lower glomerular filtration (p &lt; 0.003) and urinary volume (p &lt; 0.05) were detected in the G steers. Nevertheless, these steers excreted more efficiently H+(p &lt; 0.0001); although higher urinary D-lactate fractional excretion was seen in the G steers similar amounts of D-lactate were excreted by both breeds throughout the trial. Lower urinary levels of L-lactate were excreted by G steers. The higher the urinary pH, the lower the D-lactate fractional excretion in both breeds. | A volemia e a função renal de bovinos com acidose láctica ruminal (ALR) foram estudadas em cinco garrotes Jersey (J) (Bos taurus) e cinco Gir (G) (Bos indicus). Amostras de sangue, urina e conteúdo ruminal foram coletadas durante 24h após a indução experimental da ALR. Os bovinos G apresentaram maior grau de hipovolemia (p &lt; 0,00001) e volume ruminal (p ; 0,47) na excreção total diária deste isômero; garrotes G excretaram menor quantidade de lactato-L na urina (p &lt; 0,05). Independente da raça, quanto menor foi o pH urinário maior a porcentagem de excreção fracionada urinária de lactato total e de lactato-D (r = - 0,69).