Nowadays, with the development of new technologies, improved and progressed methods have been taken to diagnose, treat and prevent cancers. Pathologic study and some molecular methods have been helpful in diagnosing and predicting cancer but these methods are not enough in many cases. Omics technology investigates many parts of cells such as genes, proteins, transcripts, and metabolites simultaneously. This procedure provides a more real and general feature of cellular processes, especially in cancer cells.    In human, Omics technology is widely used to diagnose and treat various cancers and predict  prognosis of tumors and survival of patients. In parallel to the studies of cancers in human, similar investigations were conducted in the canine cancers. Regarding the importance of Omics method in oncology, we described various Omics techniques including genomics, transcriptomics, and proteoimcs. In addition, corresponding studies carried out in different canine cancers were summarized in the next step.

Introduction: Due to the high heterogeneity of canine lymphoma, the aim of the present study was to test in vitro the chemosensitivity of canine high-grade primary lymphoma cells to various cytostatic drugs commonly used to treat dogs: 4-HO-cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, dexamethasone, prednisolone, vincristine, etoposide, chlorambucil, lomustine, and cytosine arabinoside. Material and Methods: To determine the cell viability and drug ability to induce apoptosis two different tests were used: an MTT assay and annexin V/propidium iodide staining. Results: Both in vitro tests were found to be useful tools. Significant differences in the sensitivity, depending on the drug type, between B-, T- and mixed/null-type lymphoma cells were found for the majority of the tested drugs. B-type cells were the most sensitive in vitro, whereas T-type cells seemed to be the most resistant. Doxorubicin, chlorambucil, etoposide, and vincristine most strongly reduced the cell viability and induced apoptosis. Conclusion: In vitro assays, such as the MTT test and especially the annexin V/PI assay, may be useful tools for predicting a response to the treatment of high-grade lymphoma in dogs or improving the treatment outcomes in individual animals.

Objective—To assess and compare the expression of perinuclear antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies (pANCA) in sera obtained from dogs with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and dogs with intestinal lymphoma. Animals—104 dogs with IBD and 23 dogs with intestinal lymphoma. Procedures—Each ill dog had persistent gastrointestinal signs (> 3 weeks in duration) and absence of response to diet changes or antimicrobial treatments. Gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed in ill dogs to obtain intestinal biopsy specimens for histologic confirmation of IBD or lymphoma. A serum sample was obtained from each ill dog. Neutrophils were isolated from a blood sample from the healthy dog; neutrophil-bearing slides were incubated with serum from each ill dog and examined for expression of pANCA by use of an indirect immunofluorescence technique. Detection of cells that had a perinuclear fluorescence pattern was considered a positive result. Results—The 2 groups of dogs did not differ with regard to breed and sex but did differ with regard to age. Expression of pANCA was detected in 38 of the 104 (36.5%) dogs with IBD and 4 of the 23 (17.4%) dogs with intestinal lymphoma. Although the frequency of pANCA expression was higher in dogs with IBD, compared with findings in dogs with intestinal lymphoma, the difference was not significant. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that circulating pANCA are present in some dogs with IBD or intestinal lymphoma. However, pANCA detection does not seem to be useful for distinguishing dogs with IBD from dogs with intestinal lymphoma.

A 2-year-old spayed female ferret with the clinical signs of diarrhea and anorexia for about 8 days was presented to Hansung animal hospital. The diarrhea was black and paste form. Three palpable abdominal masses were detected in physical examination. By cytologic examination using fine need aspiration, the patient was tentatively diagnosed as lymphoma. Chemotherapy was started with prednisone, vincristine and cyclophosphamide. However, the client requested stopping the therapy at day 18 and the ferret was euthanized.

Objective-To compare and correlate B-mode and color Doppler ultrasonographic characteristics with histopathologic findings of benign and malignant superficial lymph nodes in dogs. Study Population-50 superficial lymph nodes that were normal, abnormally large on physical examination, or represented regional lymph nodes draining an area of suspected primary malignancy in 30 dogs. Procedures-Before excision, lymph nodes were evaluated via B-mode and color Doppler ultrasonography to assess size, echogenicity, presence of a hilus, acoustic transmission, and vascular flow. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections of excised lymph nodes were stained with H&E and examined for the presence and extent of necrosis, fibrosis, fat, metastases, and tissue heterogeneity. To assess vascularity, the number and distribution of vessels stained by the Verhoeff van Gieson technique were recorded. Results-In superficial lymph nodes, a varied echogenicity corresponded to tissue heterogeneity. The ultrasonographic detection of a hilus was associated with the presence of fibrous tissue, fat, or both in the hilar region. Acoustic enhancement corresponded to presence of areas of intranodal necrosis. There was significant correlation between both the distribution and the number of vessels detected via ultrasonography and that detected by histopathology. The amount of flow estimated via ultrasonography was typically higher than that estimated via histologic examination. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Results indicated that histopathologic changes in canine lymph nodes have associated ultrasonographic changes and suggest that lymph node ultrasonography has an important role in the evaluation of lymph nodes in dogs in general and in dogs with neoplastic disease in particular.

Several studies have been performed on the bovine leukemia since bovine leukemia virus (BLV) had been detected in 1982 in Korea. We have conducted histopathological study on the bovine lymphoma caused by BLV because only limited results were reported on the pathological characterization of lymphoma. Lymphoma tissues were obtained from cattle necropsied and slaughtered during a designated period. Lymphoma was classified histopathologically according to the National Cancer Institute Working Formulation. Leukotic tissues consisted of fairly uniform sheets of closely packed medium to large lymphocytes without any architectural arrangement in all 30 cases.

Natural killer (NK) cell activity and function were determined for 11 untreated and treated dogs with lymphoma. Concurrent chromium release and single cell binding assays, methods used to measure overall cytotoxic activity and that from individual cells, respectively, were performed at effector-to-target cell ratios of 50:1 and 100:1, with incubation periods of 12 and 16 hours. Significant reduction was achieved in overall activity for untreated dogs, using a 16-hour incubation period and an effector-to-target ratio of 100:1 (P less than 0.05). Decreased activity (P less than 0.025) was also achieved for those dogs that were administered combination chemotherapy, consisting of such drugs cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone, and doxorubicin. There was no significant difference in binding or cytotoxin activity by individual cells in the untreated or treated dogs, compared with the healthy controls. Short- or long-term treatment with glucocorticoids did not influence overall NK cell activity or individual cell cytotoxicity. The overall cytotoxic activity in untreated dogs was reduced, but these dogs had relatively normal numbers of NK cells compared with paracontrols. This suggests that a defect in recycling, or the ability to kill targets repetitively, may be involved. A similar defect was found in NK cells of dogs treated aggressively with combination chemotherapy.

Clinical remission in 30 dogs with lymphoma was induced with a combination of vincristine, L-asparaginase, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin HCl, administered sequentially, and then an autochthonous tumor cell vaccine, given intralymphatically, as maintenance therapy. Humoral antibody amounts were monitored in 11 dogs, using a solid-phase bead-type radioimmunoassay. The median survival of the 30 dogs was 13 months from the start of chemotherapy (range, 7 to 25 months; mean, 13.8). The median remission duration was 16 weeks (range, 9 to 98 weeks; mean, 26.8). Correlation between increase in amount of humoral antibody was significant (P = 0.0001 to 0.012), before and after chemoimmunotherapy, in dogs responding to therapy compared with that in dogs not responding to therapy.

A case was diagnosed as canine multicentric lymphoma based on clinical presentation, FNAC and ultrasonography and was treated with CHOP-19 protocol and remission was observed on 9th week but the protocol was continued up to 19th week and no signs of relapse was noticed. The animal was monitored every month for month after the treatment (19 weeks) animal showed no signs of reoccurrence up to 7 months. Multicentric lymphoma is a disease that the general practitioner can manage; it does not require referral to a specialized practice.

Cutaneous lymphoma is rare in cats. An 11-year-old spayed female Persian cat presented with crust, ulceration, and multiple nodules on the shoulder and forelimb for 2 months. Computed tomography revealed a diffuse, irregularly margined lesion in the dorsal cutis extending from cervical to thoracic vertebrae. Cytological evaluation predominantly revealed large round cells with multilobulated nuclei and basophilic cytoplasm. Histopathological examination confirmed round CD3+/PAX5- cells packed in the dermis. Thus, the diagnosis of non-epitheliotropic cutaneous lymphoma with a diffuse large T-cell type was made. The disease progressed rapidly for the next 2 weeks, and the owner elected humane euthanasia.